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White blood cell (WBC) classification is fundamental for hematology applications such as infection assessment, leukemia screening, and treatment monitoring. However, real-world WBC datasets present substantial appearance variations caused…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luu Le , Hoang-Loc Cao , Ha-Hieu Pham , Thanh-Huy Nguyen , Ulas Bagci

Automated white blood cell (WBC) classification is essential for scalable leukaemia screening. However, real-world deployment is challenged by domain shifts caused by staining protocols, scanner characteristics, and inter-laboratory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ruyi Dai , Tingkwong Ng , Hao Chen

Automated white blood cell (WBC) classification is essential for leukemia screening but remains challenged by extreme class imbalance, long-tail distributions, and domain shift, leading deep models to overfit dominant classes and fail on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Duc T. Nguyen , Hoang-Long Nguyen , Huy-Hieu Pham

The classification of white blood cells (WBCs) from peripheral blood smears is critical for the diagnosis of leukemia. However, automated approaches still struggle due to challenges including class imbalance, domain shift, and morphological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Antony Gitau , Martin Paulson , Bjørn-Jostein Singstad , Karl Thomas Hjelmervik , Ola Marius Lysaker , Veralia Gabriela Sanchez

Automated red blood cell (RBC) classification on blood smear images helps hematologists to analyze RBC lab results in a reduced time and cost. However, overlapping cells can cause incorrect predicted results, and so they have to be…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-30 Korranat Naruenatthanaset , Thanarat H. Chalidabhongse , Duangdao Palasuwan , Nantheera Anantrasirichai , Attakorn Palasuwan

Accurate morphological classification of white blood cells (WBCs) is an important step in the diagnosis of leukemia, a disease in which nonfunctional blast cells accumulate in the bone marrow. Recently, deep convolutional neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Rao Muhammad Umer , Armin Gruber , Sayedali Shetab Boushehri , Christian Metak , Carsten Marr

Recognizing the types of white blood cells (WBCs) in microscopic images of human blood smears is a fundamental task in the fields of pathology and hematology. Although previous studies have made significant contributions to the development…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-22 Satoshi Tsutsui , Zhengyang Su , Bihan Wen

Automating white blood cell classification for diagnosis of leukaemia is a promising alternative to time-consuming and resource-intensive examination of cells by expert pathologists. However, designing robust algorithms for classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Siddharth Srivastava , Adam Smith , Scott Brooks , Jack Bacon , Till Bretschneider

This paper proposes a novel automatic classification framework for the recognition of five types of white blood cells. Segmenting complete white blood cells from blood smears images and extracting advantageous features from them remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Na Dong , Meng-die Zhai , Jian-fang Chang , Chun-ho Wu

White blood cells (WBC) are important parts of our immune system, and they protect our body against infections by eliminating viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. The number of WBC types and the total number of WBCs provide important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Sibasish Dhibar

White blood cell (WBC) classification plays a vital role in hematology for diagnosing various medical conditions. However, it faces significant challenges due to domain shifts caused by variations in sample sources (e.g., blood or bone…

The automatic detection of White Blood Cells (WBC) still remains as an unsolved issue in medical imaging. The analysis of WBC images has engaged researchers from fields of medicine and computer vision alike. Since WBC can be approximated by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-06-30 Erik Cuevas , Margarita Diaz , Miguel Manzanares , Daniel Zaldivar , Marco Perez

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare, especially in white blood cell cancer diagnosis, is hindered by two primary challenges: the lack of large-scale labeled datasets for white blood cell (WBC) segmentation and outdated segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Vinh Quoc Luu , Duy Khanh Le , Huy Thanh Nguyen , Minh Thanh Nguyen , Thinh Tien Nguyen , Vinh Quang Dinh

Human immune system contains white blood cells (WBC) that are good indicator of many diseases like bacterial infections, AIDS, cancer, spleen, etc. White blood cells have been sub classified into four types: monocytes, lymphocytes,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-15 Rabia Asghar , Arslan Shaukat , Usman Akram , Rimsha Tariq

Accurate classification of white blood cells in peripheral blood is essential for diagnosing hematological diseases. Due to constantly evolving clinical settings, data sources, and disease classifications, it is necessary to update machine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Ario Sadafi , Raheleh Salehi , Armin Gruber , Sayedali Shetab Boushehri , Pascal Giehr , Nassir Navab , Carsten Marr

Computer-aided methods for analyzing white blood cells (WBC) have become widely popular due to the complexity of the manual process. Recent works have shown highly accurate segmentation and detection of white blood cells from microscopic…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-03 Changhun Jung , Mohammed Abuhamad , Jumabek Alikhanov , Aziz Mohaisen , Kyungja Han , DaeHun Nyang

Automatic skin lesion classification from dermoscopy images is important for the early diagnosis of skin diseases such as melanoma. Class imbalance in skin lesion datasets, notably the defects in the representation of malignant(cancerous)…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-19 Ariful Islam Khandaker , Abdullah Al Shafi , Mohiuddin Ahmad

Identification of abnormalities in red blood cells (RBC) is key to diagnosing a range of medical conditions from anaemia to liver disease. Currently this is done manually, a time-consuming and subjective process. This paper presents an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Annika Wong , Nantheera Anantrasirichai , Thanarat H. Chalidabhongse , Duangdao Palasuwan , Attakorn Palasuwan , David Bull

The microscopic examination of white blood cells (WBCs) plays a fundamental role in pathology and is essential for diagnosing blood disorders such as leukemia and anemia. To support further research on WBC images, multiple datasets have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Satoshi Tsutsui , Winnie Pang , Shuting He , Bihan Wen

Digital pathology has recently been revolutionized by advancements in artificial intelligence, deep learning, and high-performance computing. With its advanced tools, digital pathology can help improve and speed up the diagnostic process,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-28 Mohamed Elmanna , Ahmed Elsafty , Yomna Ahmed , Muhammad Rushdi , Ahmed Morsy
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