Related papers: Extremal chromatic bounds for distance Laplacian e…

The chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted by $\chi(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ admits a $k$-coloring of its vertex set in such a way that each color class is an independent set (a set of pairwise non-adjacent vertices). The…

A vertex coloring of a given graph $G$ is conflict-free if the closed neighborhood of every vertex contains a unique color (i.e. a color appearing only once in the neighborhood). The minimum number of colors in such a coloring is the…

While solving a question on list coloring of planar graphs, Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Postle introduced the new notion of DP-coloring (they called it correspondence coloring). A DP-coloring of a graph $G$ reduces the problem of finding a coloring…

There has been extensive studies on the following question: given $k$ graphs $G_1,\dots, G_k$ over a common vertex set of size $n$, what conditions on $G_i$ ensures a `colorful' copy of $H$, i.e., a copy of $H$ containing at most one edge…

The acyclic chromatic number of a graph is the least number of colors needed to properly color its vertices so that none of its cycles has only two colors. We show that for all $\alpha>2^{-1/3}$ there exists an integer $\Delta_{\alpha}$…

The least $k$ admitting a proper edge colouring $c:E\to\{1,2,\ldots,k\}$ of a graph $G=(V,E)$ without isolated edges such that $\sum_{e\ni u}c(e)\neq \sum_{e\ni v}c(e)$ for every $uv\in E$ is denoted by $\chi'_{\Sigma}(G)$. It has been…

An $r$-dynamic $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper vertex $k$-coloring such that the neighbors of any vertex $v$ receive at least $\min\{r,{\rm deg}(v)\}$ different colors. The $r$-dynamic chromatic number of $G$, $\chi_r(G)$, is…

It is known that the inequality $$ \frac{\chi(G)(\chi(G)-1)}{2} + |V| - \chi(G) \leq |E|$$ holds for all connected graphs, where $\chi(G)$ denotes the chromatic number of $G$. We prove that equality holds whenever the graph consists of a…

For a non-decreasing sequence $S=(s_1,s_2,\ldots)$ of positive integers, a partition of the vertex set of a graph $G$ into subsets $X_1,\ldots, X_\ell$, such that vertices in $X_i$ are pairwise at distance greater than $s_i$ for every…

The chromatic vertex (resp.\ edge) stability number ${\rm vs}_{\chi}(G)$ (resp.\ ${\rm es}_{\chi}(G)$) of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of vertices (resp.\ edges) whose deletion results in a graph $H$ with $\chi(H)=\chi(G)-1$. In the…

Let $P$ be a set of $n$ points in general and convex position in the plane. Let $D_n$ be the graph whose vertex set is the set of all line segments with endpoints in $P$, where disjoint segments are adjacent. The chromatic number of this…

The packing chromatic number $\chi_{\rho}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest integer $k$ such that there exists a $k$-vertex coloring of $G$ in which any two vertices receiving color $i$ are at distance at least $i+1$. It is proved that in…

Given a multigraph $G$ and a positive integer $t$, the distance-$t$ chromatic index of $G$ is the least number of colours needed for a colouring of the edges so that every pair of distinct edges connected by a path of fewer than $t$ edges…

We discuss the minimal number of vertices in a graph with a large chromatic number such that each ball of a fixed radius in it has a small chromatic number. It is shown that for every graph $G$ on $\sim((n+rc)/(c+rc))^{r+1}$ vertices such…

For any two non-negative integers h and k, h > k, an L(h, k)-colouring of a graph G is a colouring of vertices such that adjacent vertices admit colours that at least differ by h and vertices that are two distances apart admit colours that…

For a graph $G$, the \emph{equitable chromatic number} of $G$, denoted by $\chi_e(G)$, is the smallest integer $k$ such that $G$ admits a proper $k$-coloring whose color classes differ in size by at most one. We prove that for every…

The \textit{Distinguishing Chromatic Number} of a graph $G$, denoted $\chi_D(G)$, was first defined in \cite{collins} as the minimum number of colors needed to properly color $G$ such that no non-trivial automorphism $\phi$ of the graph $G$…

A collection of graphs is \textit{nearly disjoint} if every pair of them intersects in at most one vertex. We prove that if $G_1, \dots, G_m$ are nearly disjoint graphs of maximum degree at most $D$, then the following holds. For every…

DP-coloring is a generalization of list coloring introduced recently by Dvo\v{r}\'ak and Postle. We prove that for every $n$-vertex graph $G$ whose chromatic number $\chi(G)$ is "close" to $n$, the DP-chromatic number of $G$ equals…

Consider a semigraph $G=(V,\,E)$; in this paper, we study the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of $G$. We show that the Laplacian of $G$ is positive semi-definite, and $G$ is connected if and only if $\lambda_2 >0.$ Along the similar…