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Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is crucial for safe deployment. Inference-time techniques offer granular control over generation; however, they rely on model uncertainty, meaning an internal estimate of how likely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Mohammad Atif Quamar , Mohammad Areeb , Mikhail Kuznetsov , Muslum Ozgur Ozmen , Z. Berkay Celik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on static reasoning benchmarks, yet their effectiveness as interactive agents operating in adversarial, time-sensitive environments remains poorly understood. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yang Li , Xing Chen , Yutao Liu , Gege Qi , Yanxian BI , Zizhe Wang , Yunjian Zhang , Yao Zhu

Defending against jailbreak attacks is crucial for the safe deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs). Recent research has attempted to improve safety by training models to reason over safety rules before responding. However, a key issue…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Di Wu , Yanyan Zhao , Xin Lu , Mingzhe Li , Bing Qin

Large language models consistently fail the "car wash problem," a viral reasoning benchmark requiring implicit physical constraint inference. We present a variable isolation study (n=20 per condition, 6 conditions, 120 total trials)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Heejin Jo

Looped Language Models (LoopLMs) enable efficient latent reasoning through depth recurrence, yet exhibit unreliable test-time scaling behavior: performance often peaks at a certain iteration depth and then collapses with further recurrence.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xiao-Wen Yang , Ziyu Han , Xi-Hua Zhang , Wen-Da Wei , Jie-Jing Shao , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

As comprehensive large model evaluation becomes prohibitively expensive, predicting model performance from limited observations has become essential. However, existing statistical methods struggle with pattern shifts, data sparsity, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xiaoxiao Wang , Chunxiao Li , Junying Wang , Yijin Guo , Zijian Chen , Chunyi Li , Xiaohong Liu , Zicheng Zhang , Guangtao Zhai

Recent breakthroughs in singing voice synthesis (SVS) have heightened the demand for high-quality annotated datasets, yet manual annotation remains prohibitively labor-intensive and resource-intensive. Existing automatic singing annotation…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Wenxiang Guo , Yu Zhang , Changhao Pan , Zhiyuan Zhu , Ruiqi Li , Zhetao Chen , Wenhao Xu , Fei Wu , Zhou Zhao

As large language models are integrated into society, robustness toward a suite of prompts is increasingly important to maintain reliability in a high-variance environment.Robustness evaluations must comprehensively encapsulate the various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Alex Mei , Sharon Levy , William Yang Wang

AI coding assistants like GitHub Copilot are rapidly transforming software development, but their safety remains deeply uncertain-especially in high-stakes domains like cybersecurity. Current red-teaming tools often rely on fixed benchmarks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Xiangzhe Xu , Guangyu Shen , Zian Su , Siyuan Cheng , Hanxi Guo , Lu Yan , Xuan Chen , Jiasheng Jiang , Xiaolong Jin , Chengpeng Wang , Zhuo Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang

Modern AI agents execute real-world side effects through tool calls such as file operations, shell commands, HTTP requests, and database queries. A single unsafe action, including accidental deletion, credential exposure, or data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chenglin Yang

Static Application Security Testing (SAST) is a popular quality assurance technique in software engineering. However, integrating SAST tools into industry-level product development and security assessment poses various technical and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Anh Nguyen-Duc , Manh Viet Do , Quan Luong Hong , Kiem Nguyen Khac

Despite rapid progress in Multi-modal Large Language Models and Large Audio-Language Models, existing audio benchmarks largely test semantics that can be recovered from text captions, masking deficits in fine-grained perceptual reasoning.…

In this paper we present STAR-RT - the first working prototype of Selective Tuning Attention Reference (STAR) model and Cognitive Programs (CPs). The Selective Tuning (ST) model received substantial support through psychological and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Iuliia Kotseruba , John K. Tsotsos

Modern robotic systems, deployed across domains from industrial automation to domestic assistance, face a critical challenge: executing tasks with precision and adaptability in dynamic, unpredictable environments. To address this, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Md Sadman Sakib , Yu Sun

Real-world ecommerce recommender systems must deliver relevant items under strict tens-of-milliseconds latency constraints despite challenges such as cold-start products, rapidly shifting user intent, and dynamic context including…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Han Chen , Steven Zhu , Yingrui Li

This research introduces STAR, a sociotechnical framework that improves on current best practices for red teaming safety of large language models. STAR makes two key contributions: it enhances steerability by generating parameterised…

Agent Skills package SKILL.md files, scripts, reference documents, and repository context into reusable capability units, turning pre-load auditing from single-prompt filtering into cross-file security review. Existing guardrails often flag…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Lijia Lv , Xuehai Tang , Jie Wen , Jizhong Han , Songlin Hu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used, they remain susceptible to jailbreak prompts that can elicit harmful or inappropriate responses. This paper introduces STAR-Teaming, a novel black-box framework for automated red teaming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 MinJae Jung , YongTaek Lim , Chaeyun Kim , Junghwan Kim , Kihyun Kim , Minwoo Kim

With the widespread deployment of deep-learning-based speech models in security-critical applications, backdoor attacks have emerged as a serious threat: an adversary who poisons a small fraction of training data can implant a hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kun Wang , Meng Chen , Junhao Wang , Yuli Wu , Li Lu , Chong Zhang , Peng Cheng , Jiaheng Zhang , Kui Ren

Transforming complex actions into discrete skill abstractions has demonstrated strong potential for robotic manipulation. Existing approaches mainly leverage latent variable models, e.g., VQ-VAE, to learn skill abstractions through learned…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hao Li , Qi Lv , Rui Shao , Xiang Deng , Yinchuan Li , Jianye Hao , Liqiang Nie
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