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Multi-step reasoning is essential for large language models (LLMs), yet multilingual performance remains challenging. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting improves reasoning, it struggles with non-English languages due to the entanglement…

Recent instruction fine-tuned models can solve multiple NLP tasks when prompted to do so, with machine translation (MT) being a prominent use case. However, current research often focuses on standard performance benchmarks, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Giuseppe Attanasio , Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Debora Nozza , Anne Lauscher

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to automatically label and analyze educational dialogue at scale, yet current pipelines lack reliable ways to detect when models are wrong. We investigate whether reasoning generated by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Bakhtawar Ahtisham , Kirk Vanacore , Zhuqian Zhou , Jinsook Lee , Rene F. Kizilcec

\textbf{RE}trieval-\textbf{A}ugmented \textbf{L}LM-based \textbf{M}achine \textbf{T}ranslation (REAL-MT) shows promise for knowledge-intensive tasks like idiomatic translation, but its reliability under noisy retrieval contexts remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yanming Sun , Runzhe Zhan , Chi Seng Cheang , Han Wu , Xuebo Liu , Yuyao Niu , Fengying Ye , Kaixin Lan , Lidia S. Chao , Derek F. Wong

Recent machine translation (MT) metrics calibrate their effectiveness by correlating with human judgement but without any insights about their behaviour across different error types. Challenge sets are used to probe specific dimensions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Nikita Moghe , Arnisa Fazla , Chantal Amrhein , Tom Kocmi , Mark Steedman , Alexandra Birch , Rico Sennrich , Liane Guillou

One of the most important problems in machine translation (MT) evaluation is to evaluate the similarity between translation hypotheses with different surface forms from the reference, especially at the segment level. We propose to use word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Junki Matsuo , Mamoru Komachi , Katsuhito Sudoh

Chain-of-thought (CoT) traces are increasingly used both to improve language model capability and to audit model behavior, implicitly assuming that the visible trace remains synchronized with the computation that determines the answer. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Wenkai Li , Fan Yang , Ananya Hazarika , Shaunak A. Mehta , Koichi Onoue

The Neural Machine Translation (NMT) model is essentially a joint language model conditioned on both the source sentence and partial translation. Therefore, the NMT model naturally involves the mechanism of the Language Model (LM) that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Mengqi Miao , Fandong Meng , Yijin Liu , Xiao-Hua Zhou , Jie Zhou

We introduce a dataset comprising commercial machine translations, gathered weekly over six years across 12 translation directions. Since human A/B testing is commonly used, we assume commercial systems improve over time, which enables us…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Guojun Wu , Shay B. Cohen , Rico Sennrich

The field of machine translation has progressed tremendously in recent years. Even though the translation quality has improved significantly, current systems are still unable to produce uniformly acceptable machine translations for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Meng Zhang , Xin Jiang , Yang Liu , Qun Liu

This work presents our efforts to reproduce the results of the human evaluation experiment presented in the paper of Vamvas and Sennrich (2022), which evaluated an automatic system detecting over- and undertranslations (translations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Ondřej Plátek , Mateusz Lango , Ondřej Dušek

Trainable evaluation metrics for machine translation (MT) exhibit strong correlation with human judgements, but they are often hard to interpret and might produce unreliable scores under noisy or out-of-domain data. Recent work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Chrysoula Zerva , Taisiya Glushkova , Ricardo Rei , André F. T. Martins

Latent reasoning models (LRMs) have attracted significant research interest due to their low inference cost (relative to explicit reasoning models) and theoretical ability to explore multiple reasoning paths in parallel. However, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Connor Dilgren , Sarah Wiegreffe

A central question in artificial intelligence is the extent to which machine learning models comprehend mathematics. To address this, we propose a novel framework for measuring mathematical reasoning that moves beyond standard benchmarks to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 V. S. Raghu Parupudi

Fine-grained information on translation errors is helpful for the translation evaluation community. Existing approaches can not synchronously consider error position and type, failing to integrate the error information of both. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Keqin Bao , Yu Wan , Dayiheng Liu , Baosong Yang , Wenqiang Lei , Xiangnan He , Derek F. Wong , Jun Xie

We compare three approaches to statistical machine translation (pure phrase-based, factored phrase-based and neural) by performing a fine-grained manual evaluation via error annotation of the systems' outputs. The error types in our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Filip Klubička , Antonio Toral , Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena

As a new neural machine translation approach, Non-Autoregressive machine Translation (NAT) has attracted attention recently due to its high efficiency in inference. However, the high efficiency has come at the cost of not capturing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Yiren Wang , Fei Tian , Di He , Tao Qin , ChengXiang Zhai , Tie-Yan Liu

In Machine Translation, assessing the quality of a large amount of automatic translations can be challenging. Automatic metrics are not reliable when it comes to high performing systems. In addition, resorting to human evaluators can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Vânia Mendonça , Ricardo Rei , Luisa Coheur , Alberto Sardinha , Ana Lúcia Santos

Despite high performance on clinical benchmarks, large language models may reach correct conclusions through faulty reasoning, a failure mode with safety implications for oncology decision support that is not captured by accuracy-based…

Since the 1950s, machine translation (MT) has become one of the important tasks of AI and development, and has experienced several different periods and stages of development, including rule-based methods, statistical methods, and recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Lifeng Han