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Idioms are common in everyday language, but often pose a challenge to translators because their meanings do not follow from the meanings of their parts. Despite significant advances, machine translation systems still struggle to translate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Emmy Liu , Aditi Chaudhary , Graham Neubig

The goal of universal machine translation is to learn to translate between any pair of languages, given a corpus of paired translated documents for \emph{a small subset} of all pairs of languages. Despite impressive empirical results and an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Han Zhao , Junjie Hu , Andrej Risteski

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to strong reasoning capabilities; however, evaluating such models in low-resource languages remains challenging due to the lack of standardized benchmarks. In particular, Urdu…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Muhammad Ali Shafique , Areej Mehboob , Layba Fiaz , Muhammad Usman Qadeer , Hamza Farooq

Automatic speech translation is sensitive to speech recognition errors, but in a multilingual scenario, the same content may be available in various languages via simultaneous interpreting, dubbing or subtitling. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Dominik Macháček , Peter Polák , Ondřej Bojar , Raj Dabre

A new generation of AI models generates step-by-step reasoning text before producing an answer. This text appears to offer a human-readable window into their computation process, and is increasingly relied upon for transparency and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Mosh Levy , Zohar Elyoseph , Yoav Goldberg

The paper investigates the feasibility of confidence estimation for neural machine translation models operating at the high end of the performance spectrum. As a side product of the data annotation process necessary for building such models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ciprian Chelba , Junpei Zhou , Yuezhang , Li , Hideto Kazawa , Jeff Klingner , Mengmeng Niu

Confidence calibration, which aims to make model predictions equal to the true correctness measures, is important for neural machine translation (NMT) because it is able to offer useful indicators of translation errors in the generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Shuo Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Shuming Shi , Yang Liu

Can we improve machine translation (MT) with LLMs by rewriting their inputs automatically? Users commonly rely on the intuition that well-written text is easier to translate when using off-the-shelf MT systems. LLMs can rewrite text in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Dayeon Ki , Marine Carpuat

This paper presents the first large-scale meta-evaluation of machine translation (MT). We annotated MT evaluations conducted in 769 research papers published from 2010 to 2020. Our study shows that practices for automatic MT evaluation have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Benjamin Marie , Atsushi Fujita , Raphael Rubino

Ironic identification is a challenging task in Natural Language Processing, particularly when dealing with languages that differ in syntax and cultural context. In this work, we aim to detect irony in Urdu by translating an English Ironic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Fiaz Ahmad , Nisar Hussain , Amna Qasim , Momina Hafeez , Muhammad Usman Grigori Sidorov , Alexander Gelbukh

Formality plays a significant role in language communication, especially in low-resource languages such as Hindi, Japanese and Korean. These languages utilise formal and informal expressions to convey messages based on social contexts and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Harshita Tyagi , Prashasta Jung , Hyowon Lee

Language models have demonstrated remarkable performance on complex multi-step reasoning tasks. However, their evaluation has been predominantly confined to high-resource languages such as English. In this paper, we introduce a manually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Khondoker Ittehadul Islam , Gabriele Sarti

Machine Translation is the challenging problem for Indian languages. Every day we can see some machine translators being developed, but getting a high quality automatic translation is still a very distant dream . The correct translated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Pooja Gupta , Nisheeth Joshi , Iti Mathur

As the field of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) continues to evolve, their potential to revolutionize artificial intelligence is particularly promising, especially in addressing mathematical reasoning tasks. Current mathematical…

In this paper, we focus on how current Machine Translation (MT) tools perform on the translation of emotion-loaded texts by evaluating outputs from Google Translate according to a framework proposed in this paper. We propose this evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Shenbin Qian , Constantin Orasan , Felix do Carmo , Qiuliang Li , Diptesh Kanojia

Automatic evaluation of machine translation (MT) is a critical tool driving the rapid iterative development of MT systems. While considerable progress has been made on estimating a single scalar quality score, current metrics lack the…

Intelligent tutoring systems increasingly provide automated feedback on student work, but robust feedback requires assessing reasoning, not only final answers. We study a failure mode we call the correct answer trap (CAT): models…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Moiz Imran , Sahan Bulathwela

We analyze reasoning in language models during task-specific fine-tuning and draws parallel between reasoning tokens--intermediate steps generated while solving problem and the human working memory. Drawing from cognitive science, we align…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Mukul Singh , Ananya Singha , Arjun Radhakrishna , Sumit Gulwani

Although proper handling of discourse significantly contributes to the quality of machine translation (MT), these improvements are not adequately measured in common translation quality metrics. Recent works in context-aware MT attempt to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Patrick Fernandes , Kayo Yin , Emmy Liu , André F. T. Martins , Graham Neubig

Traditionally, Machine Translation (MT) Evaluation has been treated as a regression problem -- producing an absolute translation-quality score. This approach has two limitations: i) the scores lack interpretability, and human annotators…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Ibraheem Muhammad Moosa , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin