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We introduce a novel enhanced sampling approach named OPES flooding for calculating the kinetics of rare events from atomistic molecular dynamics simulation. This method is derived from the On-the-fly-Probability-Enhanced-Sampling (OPES)…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-10-31 Dhiman Ray , Narjes Ansari , Valerio Rizzi , Michele Invernizzi , Michele Parrinello

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are widely used deep generative models capable of learning unsupervised latent representations of data. Such representations are often difficult to interpret or control. We consider the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Jack Klys , Jake Snell , Richard Zemel

We introduce the Free Energy Manifold (FEM), a score-trained conditional energy model specialized for inference in hybrid Bayesian networks with discrete and continuous variables. FEM represents each conditional factor as an energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Cheol Young Park , Shou Matsumoto

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are powerful generative models for learning latent representations. Standard VAEs generate dispersed and unstructured latent spaces by utilizing all dimensions, which limits their interpretability, especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Farshad Sangari Abiz , Reshad Hosseini , Babak N. Araabi

We introduce a generative learning framework to model high-dimensional parametric systems using gradient guidance and virtual observations. We consider systems described by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) discretized with structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Han Gao , Sebastian Kaltenbach , Petros Koumoutsakos

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are well-established as a principled approach to probabilistic unsupervised learning with neural networks. Typically, an encoder network defines the parameters of a Gaussian distributed latent space from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Alan Jeffares , Liyuan Liu

We introduce variational spectral learning (VSL), a machine learning framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that operates directly in the coefficient space of spectral expansions. VSL offers a principled bridge between…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-07 M. M. Hammad

We present a unified, finite-element-native variational inference framework for very high-dimensional Bayesian spatial field reconstruction in physics-based problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) that are nonlinear in…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jonas Nitzler , Maximilian Bergbauer , Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis , Wolfgang A. Wall

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are powerful generative models widely used for learning interpretable latent spaces, quantifying uncertainty, and compressing data for downstream generative tasks. VAEs typically rely on diagonal Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Peter Sorrenson , Lukas Lührs , Hans Olischläger , Ullrich Köthe

Variational inference is an alternative estimation technique for Bayesian models. Recent work shows that variational methods provide consistent estimation via efficient, deterministic algorithms. Other tools, such as model selection using…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-01 Mark J. Meyer , Selina Carter , Elizabeth J. Malloy

Neural differential equation models have garnered significant attention in recent years for their effectiveness in machine learning applications.Among these, fractional differential equations (FDEs) have emerged as a promising tool due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Wenjun Cui , Qiyu Kang , Xuhao Li , Kai Zhao , Wee Peng Tay , Weihua Deng , Yidong Li

The abundance of modern health data provides many opportunities for the use of machine learning techniques to build better statistical models to improve clinical decision making. Predicting time-to-event distributions, also known as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-15 Zidi Xiu , Chenyang Tao , Benjamin A. Goldstein , Ricardo Henao

As a classical generative modeling approach, energy-based models have the natural advantage of flexibility in the form of the energy function. Recently, energy-based models have achieved great success in modeling high-dimensional data in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Taoli Cheng , Aaron Courville

Structure, function and dynamics of many biomolecular systems can be characterized by the energetic variational principle and the corresponding systems of partial differential equations (PDEs). This principle allows us to focus on the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-11-03 Guo-Wei Wei , Y. C. Zhou

A variational coarse-graining framework for heterogeneous media is developed that allows for a seamless transition from the traditional static scenario to a arbitrary loading conditions, including inertia effects and body forces. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-10-09 Chenchen Liu , Celia Reina

The Free-Energy-Principle (FEP) is an influential and controversial theory which postulates a deep and powerful connection between the stochastic thermodynamics of self-organization and learning through variational inference. Specifically,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Beren Millidge , Anil Seth , Christopher L Buckley

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) have been used extensively to discover low-dimensional latent factors governing neural activity and animal behavior. However, without careful model selection, the uncovered latent factors may reflect noise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Julia Huiming Wang , Dexter Tsin , Tatiana Engel

Turbulent flows have historically presented formidable challenges to predictive computational modeling. Traditional numerical simulations often require vast computational resources, making them infeasible for numerous engineering…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-11-15 Han Gao , Xu Han , Xiantao Fan , Luning Sun , Li-Ping Liu , Lian Duan , Jian-Xun Wang

Fine-grained open-set recognition (FineOSR) aims to recognize images belonging to classes with subtle appearance differences while rejecting images of unknown classes. A recent trend in OSR shows the benefit of generative models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Wentao Bao , Qi Yu , Yu Kong

We present a study for the generation of events from a physical process with deep generative models. The simulation of physical processes requires not only the production of physical events, but also to ensure these events occur with the…