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Population protocols are a model of distributed computation in which an arbitrary number of indistinguishable finite-state agents interact in pairs to decide some property of their initial configuration. We investigate the behaviour of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Benno Lossin , Philipp Czerner , Javier Esparza , Roland Guttenberg , Tobias Prehn

High-quality expert chain-of-thought (CoT) data is one of the core bottlenecks in large language model (LLM) post-training. Existing data production methods each have structural limitations: crowdsourced annotation lacks deep reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bo Zou , Chao Xu

Choreographic programming promises a simple approach to the coding of concurrent and distributed systems: write the collective communication behaviour of a system of processes as a choreography, and then the programs for these processes are…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Eva Graversen , Fabrizio Montesi , Marco Peressotti

Drawing on infrastructure studies in HCI and CSCW, this paper introduces Protocol Futuring, a methodological framework that extends design futuring by foregrounding protocols -- rules, standards, and coordination mechanisms -- as the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Botao Amber Hu , Samuel Chua , Helena Rong

We design a suite of minimal algorithmic tasks that are a loose abstraction of open-ended real-world tasks. This allows us to cleanly and controllably quantify the creative limits of the present-day language model. Much like real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Vaishnavh Nagarajan , Chen Henry Wu , Charles Ding , Aditi Raghunathan

There is a multitude of novel generative models for open-domain conversational systems; however, there is no systematic evaluation of different systems. Systematic comparisons require consistency in experimental design, evaluation sets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Seolhwa Lee , Heuiseok Lim , João Sedoc

Human conversation is organized by an implicit chain of thoughts that manifests as timed speech acts. Capturing this causal pathway is key to building natural full-duplex interactive systems. We introduce a framework that enables reasoning…

Developing non-collaborative dialogue agents traditionally requires the manual, unscalable codification of expert strategies. We propose \ours, a method that leverages large language models to autonomously induce both strategy actions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Haofu Yang , Jiaji Liu , Chen Huang , Faguo Wu , Wenqiang Lei , See-Kiong Ng

Protocol art has recently proliferated through blockchain-based smart contracts, building on a century-long lineage of conceptual, participatory, interactive, systematic, algorithmic, and generative art practices. Few studies have examined…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Botao Amber Hu

This article presents a practitioner's reflection on applying declarative, 5th generation, problem formulation language (5GL) to de novo imaging system design, informed by experiences across the interdisciplinary research in academia and…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-03 Antony C Chan

Text-to-image generative models are a new and powerful way to generate visual artwork. However, the open-ended nature of text as interaction is double-edged; while users can input anything and have access to an infinite range of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Vivian Liu , Lydia B. Chilton

The development of Creativity, Communication, Critical Thinking, and Collaboration (the 4Cs) is a central objective of contemporary competency-based education. However, empirical evidence on how these competencies evolve across learning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Margarida Romero

Training on verifiable symbolic data is a promising way to expand the reasoning frontier of language models beyond what standard pre-training corpora provide. Yet existing procedural generators often rely on fixed puzzles or templates and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Valentin Lacombe , Valentin Quesnel , Damien Sileo

Bridging continuous perceptual signals and discrete symbolic reasoning is a fundamental challenge in AI systems that must operate under uncertainty. We present a neuro-symbolic framework that explicitly models and propagates uncertainty…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jiahao Wu , Shengwen Yu

Choreographic programming is a programming-language design approach that drives error-safe protocol development in distributed systems. Starting from a global specification (choreography) one can generate distributed implementations. The…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Hugo A. López , Flemming Nielson , Hanne Riis Nielson

Some companies (e.g., Microsoft Research and Google DeepMind) have discovered some of the limitations of GPTs' autoregressive paradigm next-word prediction, manifested in the model's lack of planning, working memory, backtracking, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Mengdan Fan , Wei Zhang , Haiyan Zhao , Zhi Jin

To address the gaps between the static pre-set "thinking-planning-action" of humanoid robots in unfamiliar scenarios and the highly programmed "call tool-return result" due to the lack of autonomous coding capabilities, this work designs a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Libo Wang

Deep neural networks excel at image classification, but their performance is far less robust to input perturbations than human perception. In this work we explore whether this shortcoming may be partly addressed by incorporating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Bhavin Choksi , Milad Mozafari , Callum Biggs O'May , Benjamin Ador , Andrea Alamia , Rufin VanRullen

In programming, protocols are everywhere. Protocols describe the pattern of interaction (or communication) between software systems, for example, between a user-space program and the kernel or between a local application and an online…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Laura Bocchi , Dominic Orchard , A. Laura Voinea

A recent study of bugs in real-world concurrent and distributed systems found that, while implementations of individual protocols tend to be robust, the composition of multiple protocols and its interplay with internal computation is the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Luís Cruz-Filipe , Fabrizio Montesi
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