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Related papers: Task-Aware LLM Routing with Multi-Level Task-Profi…

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Model routing allocates queries to the suitable model, improving system performance while reducing costs. However, existing routing methods face practical limitations that hinder scalability in large-scale applications and struggle to keep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zhou Chen , Zhiqiang Wei , Yuqi Bai , Xue Xiong , Jianmin Wu

This paper addresses fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) for function calling tasks when real user interaction data is unavailable. In digital content creation tools, where users express their needs through natural language queries…

Modern LLM deployments confront a widening cost-performance spectrum: premium models deliver strong reasoning but are expensive, while lightweight models are economical yet brittle on complex tasks. Static escalation rules and keyword…

Multi-turn, long-horizon tasks are increasingly common for large language models (LLMs), but solving them typically requires many sequential model invocations, accumulating substantial inference costs. Here, we study cost-aware multi-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yiqun Zhang , Hao Li , Zihan Wang , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Bo Zhang , Lei Bai , Shuyue Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver state-of-the-art performance across many tasks but impose high computational and memory costs, limiting their deployment in resource-constrained or real-time settings. To address this, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Nikunj Gupta , Bill Guo , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor K. Prasanna

Large Language Model (LLM) workloads have distinct prefill and decode phases with different compute and memory requirements which should ideally be accounted for when scheduling input queries across different LLM instances in a cluster.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Kunal Jain , Anjaly Parayil , Ankur Mallick , Esha Choukse , Xiaoting Qin , Jue Zhang , Íñigo Goiri , Rujia Wang , Chetan Bansal , Victor Rühle , Anoop Kulkarni , Steve Kofsky , Saravan Rajmohan

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks, yet the choice of which model to use often involves a trade-off between performance and cost. More powerful models, though effective, come with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Isaac Ong , Amjad Almahairi , Vincent Wu , Wei-Lin Chiang , Tianhao Wu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , M Waleed Kadous , Ion Stoica

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a diverse ecosystem of models with highly varying performance and costs, necessitating effective query routing to balance performance and expense. Current routing systems often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hang Zheng , Hongshen Xu , Yongkai Lin , Shuai Fan , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Large language models (LLMs) deliver superior performance but require substantial computational resources and operate with relatively low efficiency, while smaller models can efficiently handle simpler tasks with fewer resources. LLM…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Kai Mei , Wujiang Xu , Minghao Guo , Shuhang Lin , Yongfeng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable advancements by leveraging tools to interact with environments, a critical step toward generalized AI. However, the standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approach, which relies on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Yuming Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan , Zhengyin Du

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across diverse tasks, yet their effectiveness frequently depends on costly commercial APIs or cloud services. Model selection thus entails a critical trade-off between…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yuanzhe Shen , Yide Liu , Zisu Huang , Ruicheng Yin , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) process every token through all layers of a transformer stack, causing wasted computation on simple queries and insufficient flexibility for harder ones that need deeper reasoning. Adaptive-depth methods can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ahmed Heakl , Martin Gubri , Salman Khan , Sangdoo Yun , Seong Joon Oh

Prompt routing dynamically selects the most appropriate large language model from a pool of candidates for each query, optimizing performance while managing costs. As model pools scale to include dozens of frontier models with narrow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yunyi Zhang , Soji Adeshina , Sheng Guan , Ashwin Ganesh , Zhen Han , Vassilis N. Ioannidis , Huzefa Rangwala , George Karypis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in Machine Translation (MT), but deploying them at scale remains prohibitively expensive. A widely adopted remedy is the hybrid system paradigm, which balances cost and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yingfeng Luo , Hongyu Liu , Dingyang Lin , Kaiyan Chang , Chenglong Wang , Bei Li , Quan Du , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Automatically annotating job data with standardized occupations from taxonomies, known as occupation classification, is crucial for labor market analysis. However, this task is often hindered by data scarcity and the challenges of manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Palakorn Achananuparp , Ee-Peng Lim , Yao Lu

Recently, the number of off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs) has exploded with many open-source options. This creates a diverse landscape regarding both serving options (e.g., inference on local hardware vs remote LLM APIs) and model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Dimitrios Sikeridis , Dennis Ramdass , Pranay Pareek

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of natural language tasks. However, selecting the optimal LLM to respond to a user query often necessitates a delicate balance between performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Wei Song , Zhenya Huang , Cheng Cheng , Weibo Gao , Bihan Xu , GuanHao Zhao , Fei Wang , Runze Wu

As AI moves beyond text, large language models (LLMs) increasingly power vision, audio, and document understanding; however, their high inference costs hinder real-time, scalable deployment. Conversely, smaller open-source models offer cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mayank Saini , Arit Kumar Bishwas

While LLMs have shown great success in understanding and generating text in traditional conversational settings, their potential for performing ill-defined complex tasks is largely under-studied. Indeed, we are yet to conduct comprehensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Shubhra Kanti Karmaker Santu , Dongji Feng

The reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs), defined as their ability to analyze, infer, and make decisions based on input information, is essential for building intelligent task-oriented dialogue systems. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yu Zhu , Kai Yang
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