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A widely believed explanation for the remarkable generalization capacities of overparameterized neural networks is that the optimization algorithms used for training induce an implicit bias towards benign solutions. To grasp this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Maria Matveev , Vit Fojtik , Hung-Hsu Chou , Gitta Kutyniok , Johannes Maly

Recently, flat-minima optimizers, which seek to find parameters in low-loss neighborhoods, have been shown to improve a neural network's generalization performance over stochastic and adaptive gradient-based optimizers. Two methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Jean Kaddour , Linqing Liu , Ricardo Silva , Matt J. Kusner

Utilizing task-invariant knowledge acquired from related tasks as prior information, meta-learning offers a principled approach to learning a new task with limited data records. Sample-efficient adaptation of this prior information is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

In modern deep learning, the models are learned by applying gradient updates using an optimizer, which transforms the updates based on various statistics. Optimizers are often hand-designed and tuning their hyperparameters is a big part of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Gus Kristiansen , Mark Sandler , Andrey Zhmoginov , Nolan Miller , Anirudh Goyal , Jihwan Lee , Max Vladymyrov

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) have demonstrated strong generalization capabilities across diverse distributions and tasks, largely due to extensive pre-training datasets. Fine-tuning MLLM has become a common practice to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Wenke Huang , Jian Liang , Zekun Shi , Didi Zhu , Guancheng Wan , He Li , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao , Mang Ye

In natural language processing, it has been observed recently that generalization could be greatly improved by finetuning a large-scale language model pretrained on a large unlabeled corpus. Despite its recent success and wide adoption,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Cheolhyoung Lee , Kyunghyun Cho , Wanmo Kang

Web-scale pre-training datasets are the cornerstone of LLMs' success. However, text data curated from the Internet inevitably contains random noise caused by decoding errors or unregulated web content. In contrast to previous works that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jinghan Ru , Yuxin Xie , Xianwei Zhuang , Yuguo Yin , Zhihui Guo , Zhiming Liu , Qianli Ren , Yuexian Zou

We study the approximation capabilities, convergence speeds and on-convergence behaviors of transformers trained on in-context recall tasks -- which requires to recognize the \emph{positional} association between a pair of tokens from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Quan Nguyen , Thanh Nguyen-Tang

The concept of a minimax classifier is well-established in statistical decision theory, but its implementation via neural networks remains challenging, particularly in scenarios with imbalanced training data having a limited number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Hansung Choi , Daewon Seo

Optimisers are an essential component for training machine learning models, and their design influences learning speed and generalisation. Several studies have attempted to learn more effective gradient-descent optimisers via solving a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Boyan Gao , Henry Gouk , Hae Beom Lee , Timothy M. Hospedales

The key to generalization is controlling the complexity of the network. However, there is no obvious control of complexity -- such as an explicit regularization term -- in the training of deep networks for classification. We will show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Andrzej Banburski , Qianli Liao , Brando Miranda , Lorenzo Rosasco , Fernanda De La Torre , Jack Hidary , Tomaso Poggio

Generalization of deep neural networks remains one of the main open problems in machine learning. Previous theoretical works focused on deriving tight bounds of model complexity, while empirical works revealed that neural networks exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 James Wang , Cheng-Lin Yang

Recent developments in large-scale machine learning suggest that by scaling up data, model size and training time properly, one might observe that improvements in pre-training would transfer favorably to most downstream tasks. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Samira Abnar , Mostafa Dehghani , Behnam Neyshabur , Hanie Sedghi

While adversarial training methods have significantly improved the robustness of deep neural networks against norm-bounded adversarial perturbations, the generalization gap between their performance on training and test data is considerably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Xiwei Cheng , Kexin Fu , Farzan Farnia

In most applications of utilizing neural networks for mathematical optimization, a dedicated model is trained for each specific optimization objective. However, in many scenarios, several distinct yet correlated objectives or tasks often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Wei Cui , Wei Yu

During the pre-training step of natural language models, the main objective is to learn a general representation of the pre-training dataset, usually requiring large amounts of textual data to capture the complexity and diversity of natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Tobias Deußer , Cong Zhao , Wolfgang Krämer , David Leonhard , Christian Bauckhage , Rafet Sifa

This paper proposes a method to optimize tokenization for the performance improvement of already trained downstream models. Our method generates tokenization results attaining lower loss values of a given downstream model on the training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Tatsuya Hiraoka , Tomoya Iwakura

This paper considers the decentralized convex optimization problem, which has a wide range of applications in large-scale machine learning, sensor networks, and control theory. We propose novel algorithms that achieve optimal computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Haishan Ye , Luo Luo , Ziang Zhou , Tong Zhang

A significant advance in accelerating neural network training has been the development of normalization methods, permitting the training of deep models both faster and with better accuracy. These advances come with practical challenges: for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Jasmine Collins , Johannes Balle , Jonathon Shlens

It is generally thought that transformer-based large language models benefit from pre-training by learning generic linguistic knowledge that can be focused on a specific task during fine-tuning. However, we propose that much of the benefit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Anna C. Marbut , John W. Chandler , Travis J. Wheeler