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The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for enhanced 3D scene understanding and spatial reasoning. A recent line of work explores learning spatial reasoning directly from multi-view images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kanghee Lee , Injae Lee , Minseok Kwak , Jungi Hong , Kwonyoung Ryu , Jaesik Park

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) consists of two sub-tasks: intent detection (ID) and slot filling (SF). Given its broad range of real-world applications, enhancing SLU for practical deployment is increasingly critical. Profile-based SLU…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Di Wu , Liting Jiang , Ruiyu Fang , Bianjing , Hongyan Xie , Haoxiang Su , Hao Huang , Zhongjiang He , Shuangyong Song , Xuelong Li

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance in cross-modal understanding across textual and visual inputs, yet existing benchmarks predominantly focus on pure-text queries. In real-world scenarios, language also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qing'an Liu , Juntong Feng , Yuhao Wang , Xinzhe Han , Yujie Cheng , Yue Zhu , Haiwen Diao , Yunzhi Zhuge , Huchuan Lu

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as the next generation of models in robotics. However, despite leveraging powerful pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), existing end-to-end VLA systems often lose key capabilities…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zhongyi Zhou , Yichen Zhu , Junjie Wen , Chaomin Shen , Yi Xu

We marry two powerful ideas: deep representation learning for visual recognition and language understanding, and symbolic program execution for reasoning. Our neural-symbolic visual question answering (NS-VQA) system first recovers a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Kexin Yi , Jiajun Wu , Chuang Gan , Antonio Torralba , Pushmeet Kohli , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) aims to localize the image region corresponding to a natural language query. Recent neuro-symbolic REC approaches leverage large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) to perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Hyejin Park , Junhyuk Kwon , Suha Kwak , Jungseul Ok

Recent work has begun to equip vision-language-action (VLA) policies with explicit intermediate reasoning. In embodied control, however, textual chain-of-thought is a poor fit: irrelevant or weakly textual information can interfere with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Mingjian Gao , Wenqiao Zhang , Yuqian Yuan , Yang Dai , Binhe Yu , Zheqi Lv , Haoyu Zheng , Jiaqi Zhu , Zhiqi Ge , Zixuan Wan , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Explainability is critical for the clinical adoption of medical visual question answering (VQA) systems, as physicians require transparent reasoning to trust AI-generated diagnoses. We present MedXplain-VQA, a comprehensive framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hai-Dang Nguyen , Minh-Anh Dang , Minh-Tan Le , Minh-Tuan Le

The automation of user interface development has the potential to accelerate software delivery by mitigating intensive manual implementation. Despite the advancements in Large Multimodal Models for design-to-code translation, existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Xian Wu , Ming Zhang , Zhiyu Fang , Fei Li , Bin Wang , Yong Jiang , Hao Zhou

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at photorealistic generation, yet often struggle to represent abstract meaning such as idiomatic interpretations of noun compounds. To study whether high visual fidelity interferes with idiomatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wei He

Is basic visual understanding really solved in state-of-the-art VLMs? We present VisualOverload, a slightly different visual question answering (VQA) benchmark comprising 2,720 question-answer pairs, with privately held ground-truth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Paul Gavrikov , Wei Lin , M. Jehanzeb Mirza , Soumya Jahagirdar , Muhammad Huzaifa , Sivan Doveh , Serena Yeung-Levy , James Glass , Hilde Kuehne

Building robust vision systems for high-stakes domains such as remote sensing requires stronger visual reasoning than what single-pass inference typically provides; yet, retraining large models is often computationally expensive and data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Chung-En Johnny Yu , Brian Jalaian , Nathaniel D. Bastian

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) often struggle with geometric reasoning due to visual hallucinations and a lack of mathematically precise Chain-of-Thought (CoT) data. To address this, we propose the GeoSym Engine, an automated and scalable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jinhao Jing , Zheng Ma , Jinwei Liang , Qiannian Zhao , Shawn Chen , Jing Yang , Por Lip Yee , Prayag Tiwari , Jingjing Bai , Benyou Wang , Lewei Lu , Zhan Su

Integrating symbolic knowledge and data-driven learning algorithms is a longstanding challenge in Artificial Intelligence. Despite the recognized importance of this task, a notable gap exists due to the discreteness of symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Gaia Saveri , Laura Nenzi , Luca Bortolussi , Jan Křetínský

We introduce GQA, a new dataset for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering, seeking to address key shortcomings of previous VQA datasets. We have developed a strong and robust question engine that leverages scene…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Drew A. Hudson , Christopher D. Manning

Vision-language models (VLMs) work well in tasks ranging from image captioning to visual question answering (VQA), yet they struggle with spatial reasoning, a key skill for understanding our physical world that humans excel at. We find that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Michael Ogezi , Freda Shi

Img2LaTeX is a practically important task that involves translating mathematical expressions and structured visual content from images into LaTeX code. In recent years, vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zhecheng Li , Guoxian Song , Yiwei Wang , Zhen Xiong , Junsong Yuan , Yujun Cai

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus for Artificial General Intelligence (ARC-AGI) is a generative, few-shot fluid intelligence benchmark. Although humans effortlessly solve ARC-AGI, it remains extremely difficult for even the most advanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Isaac Joffe , Chris Eliasmith

Verifying a question's validity before answering is crucial in real-world applications, where users may provide imperfect instructions. In this scenario, an ideal model should address the discrepancies in the query and convey them to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Syeda Nahida Akter , Sangwu Lee , Yingshan Chang , Yonatan Bisk , Eric Nyberg

Recent advancements in Large Language Models have successfully transitioned towards System 2 reasoning, yet applying these paradigms to video understanding remains challenging. While prevailing research attributes failures in Video-LLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hongbo Jin , Jiayu Ding , Siyi Xie , Guibo Luo , Ge Li