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Conversational artificial intelligence has the potential to assist users in preliminary medical consultations, particularly in settings where access to healthcare professionals is limited. However, many existing medical dialogue systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Shubham Kumar Nigam , Suparnojit Sarkar , Piyush Patel

Clinical decision-making in emergency medicine demands rapid, accurate diagnoses under uncertainty. Despite benchmark progress, evidence for LLMs as interactive aids in live physician workflows remains sparse. MedSyn lets physicians…

MLLMs MLLMs are beginning to appear in clinical workflows, but their ability to perform complex medical reasoning remains unclear. We present Med-CMR, a fine-grained Medical Complex Multimodal Reasoning benchmark. Med-CMR distinguishes from…

Doctor-patient consultations require multi-turn, context-aware communication tailored to diverse patient personas. Training or evaluating doctor LLMs in such settings requires realistic patient interaction systems. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Daeun Kyung , Hyunseung Chung , Seongsu Bae , Jiho Kim , Jae Ho Sohn , Taerim Kim , Soo Kyung Kim , Edward Choi

An effective healthcare agent must be able to recall and reason over a patient's longitudinal medical history. However, the absence of datasets with realistic long-term dialogue timelines limits systematic evaluation. Real clinical text is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hebin Hu , Renke Dai , Ah-Hwee Tan , Yilin Kang

The severe shortage of medical doctors limits access to timely and reliable healthcare, leaving millions underserved. Large language models (LLMs) offer a potential solution but struggle in real-world clinical interactions. Many LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jiayuan Zhu , Jiazhen Pan , Yuyuan Liu , Fenglin Liu , Junde Wu

We present Clinical Camel, an open large language model (LLM) explicitly tailored for clinical research. Fine-tuned from LLaMA-2 using QLoRA, Clinical Camel achieves state-of-the-art performance across medical benchmarks among openly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Augustin Toma , Patrick R. Lawler , Jimmy Ba , Rahul G. Krishnan , Barry B. Rubin , Bo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown considerable potential in supporting medical diagnosis. However, their effective integration into clinical workflows is hindered by physicians' difficulties in perceiving and trusting LLM…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yuansong Xu , Yichao Zhu , Haokai Wang , Yuchen Wu , Yang Ouyang , Hanlu Li , Wenzhe Zhou , Xinyu Liu , Chang Jiang , Quan Li

Current evaluations of medical consultation agents often prioritize outcome-oriented tasks, frequently overlooking the end-to-end process integrity and clinical safety essential for real-world practice. While recent interactive benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chuhan Qiao , Jianghua Huang , Daxing Zhao , Ziding Liu , Yanjun Shen , Bing Cheng , Wei Lin , Kai Wu

Recent advancements in reasoning-enhanced large language models (LLMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI-o3, have demonstrated significant progress. However, their application in professional medical contexts remains underexplored,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Pengcheng Qiu , Chaoyi Wu , Shuyu Liu , Weike Zhao , Zhuoxia Chen , Hongfei Gu , Chuanjin Peng , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

While reasoning-enhanced large language models perform strongly on English medical tasks, a persistent multilingual gap remains, with substantially weaker reasoning in local languages, limiting equitable global medical deployment. To bridge…

Interactive medical dialogue benchmarks have shown that LLM diagnostic accuracy degrades significantly when interacting with non-cooperative patients, yet existing approaches either apply adversarial behaviors without graded severity or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Xiaotian Luo , Xun Jiang , Jiangcheng Wu

Most medical dialogue systems assume that patients have clear goals (medicine querying, surgical operation querying, etc.) before medical consultation. However, in many real scenarios, due to the lack of medical knowledge, it is usually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Xiaoming Shi , Zeming Liu , Chuan Wang , Haitao Leng , Kui Xue , Xiaofan Zhang , Shaoting Zhang

Despite strong performance in medical question-answering, the clinical adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critically hampered by their opaque 'black-box' reasoning, limiting clinician trust. This challenge is compounded by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Chao Ding , Mouxiao Bian , Pengcheng Chen , Hongliang Zhang , Tianbin Li , Lihao Liu , Jiayuan Chen , Zhuoran Li , Yabei Zhong , Yongqi Liu , Haiqing Huang , Dongming Shan , Junjun He , Jie Xu

Medical education faces challenges in providing scalable, consistent clinical skills training. Simulation with standardized patients (SPs) develops communication and diagnostic skills but remains resource-intensive and variable in feedback…

Medical dialogue generation aims to provide automatic and accurate responses to assist physicians to obtain diagnosis and treatment suggestions in an efficient manner. In medical dialogues two key characteristics are relevant for response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Dongdong Li , Zhaochun Ren , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Miao Fan , Jun Ma , Maarten de Rijke

Generative medical AI now appears fluent and knowledgeable enough to resemble clinical intelligence, encouraging the belief that scaling will make it safe. But clinical reasoning is not text generation. It is a responsibility-bound process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Vaibhav Ram S. V. N. S , Swetanshu Agrawal , Samudra Banerjee , Abdul Muhsin

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) in medicine is crucial because medical applications require high accuracy with little room for error. Current medical benchmarks have three main types: medical exam-based, comprehensive medical, and…

Multimodal language models (MLMs) show promise for clinical decision support and diagnostic reasoning, raising the prospect of end-to-end automated medical image interpretation. However, clinicians are highly selective in adopting AI tools;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Mahtab Bigverdi , Wisdom Ikezogwo , Kevin Zhang , Hyewon Jeong , Mingyu Lu , Sungjae Cho , Linda Shapiro , Ranjay Krishna

Over the past few years, the use of the Internet for healthcare-related tasks has grown by leaps and bounds, posing a challenge in effectively managing and processing information to ensure its efficient utilization. During moments of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Abhisek Tiwari , Shreyangshu Bera , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya , Samrat Ghosh