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AI agents, predominantly powered by large language models (LLMs), are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection, in which malicious instructions embedded in untrusted data can trigger dangerous agent actions. This position paper discusses our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chong Xiang , Drew Zagieboylo , Shaona Ghosh , Sanjay Kariyappa , Kai Greshake , Hanshen Xiao , Chaowei Xiao , G. Edward Suh

The Open-Radio Access Network (O-RAN) integrates numerous software components in a cloud-like deployment, opening the radio access network to previously unconsidered security threats. With the ever-evolving threat landscape, integrating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Felix Klement , Alessandro Brighente , Michele Polese , Mauro Conti , Stefan Katzenbeisser

Adversarial examples are typically optimized with gradient-based attacks. While novel attacks are continuously proposed, each is shown to outperform its predecessors using different experimental setups, hyperparameter settings, and number…

Prompt injection attacks exploit vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs) to manipulate the model into unintended actions or generate malicious content. As LLM integrated applications gain wider adoption, they face growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Daniel Wankit Yip , Aysan Esmradi , Chun Fai Chan

Research on backdoor attacks in Federated Learning (FL) has accelerated in recent years, with new attacks and defenses continually proposed in an escalating arms race. However, the evaluation of these methods remains neither standardized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Thinh Dao , Dung Thuy Nguyen , Khoa D Doan , Kok-Seng Wong

The rapid advancement and widespread adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and large language models (LLMs) has been accompanied by the emergence of new security vulnerabilities and challenges, such as jailbreaking and…

In trigger-action IoT platforms, IoT devices report event conditions to IoT hubs notifying their cyber states and let the hubs invoke actions in other IoT devices based on functional dependencies defined as rules in a rule engine. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Md Morshed Alam , Israt Jahan , Weichao Wang

Current open-source prompt-injection detectors converge on two architectural choices: regular-expression pattern matching and fine-tuned transformer classifiers. Both share failure modes that recent work has made concrete. Regular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Thamilvendhan Munirathinam

The efficacy of availability poisoning, a method of poisoning data by injecting imperceptible perturbations to prevent its use in model training, has been a hot subject of investigation. Previous research suggested that it was difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Tianrui Qin , Xitong Gao , Juanjuan Zhao , Kejiang Ye , Cheng-Zhong Xu

Prompt attacks, including jailbreaks and prompt injections, pose a critical security risk to Large Language Model (LLM) systems. In production, guardrails must mitigate these attacks under strict low-latency constraints, resulting in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Hieu Xuan Le , Benjamin Goh , Quy Anh Tang

We present SciArena, an open and collaborative platform for evaluating foundation models on scientific literature-grounded tasks. Unlike traditional benchmarks for scientific literature understanding and synthesis, SciArena engages the…

Prompt injection attack, where an attacker injects a prompt into the original one, aiming to make an Large Language Model (LLM) follow the injected prompt to perform an attacker-chosen task, represent a critical security threat. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zedian Shao , Hongbin Liu , Jaden Mu , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in real-world systems. Given their broader applicability, prompt engineering has become an efficient tool for resource-scarce organizations to adopt LLMs for their own purposes. At the same…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Piyush Jaiswal , Aaditya Pratap , Shreyansh Saraswati , Harsh Kasyap , Somanath Tripathy

Educational LLM tutors face a core AI alignment challenge: they must follow user intent while preserving pedagogical constraints and safety policies. We present an evaluation methodology for prompt-injection defenses in this setting,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Alexandre Cristovão Maiorano

As deep learning models are increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications, evaluating their vulnerabilities to adversarial perturbations is essential for ensuring their reliability and trustworthiness. Over the past decade, a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Yong Xie , Weijie Zheng , Hanxun Huang , Guangnan Ye , Xingjun Ma

AI pentesting agents are increasingly credible as offensive security systems, but current benchmarks still provide limited guidance on which will perform best in real-world targets. Existing evaluation protocols assess and optimize for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Pedro Conde , Henrique Branquinho , Valerio Mazzone , Bruno Mendes , André Baptista , Nuno Moniz

Backdoor attacks pose a critical threat by embedding hidden triggers into inputs, causing models to misclassify them into target labels. While extensive research has focused on mitigating these attacks in object recognition models through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Kyle Stein , Andrew Arash Mahyari , Guillermo Francia , Eman El-Sheikh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial prompt based injects. These injects could jailbreak or exploit vulnerabilities within these models with explicit prompt requests leading to undesired responses. In the context of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jonathan Pan , Swee Liang Wong , Yidi Yuan , Xin Wei Chia

The rapid deployment of open-source frameworks has significantly advanced the development of modern multi-agent systems. However, expanded action spaces, including uncontrolled privilege exposure and hidden inter-system interactions, pose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Wenhui Zhu , Xuanzhao Dong , Xiwen Chen , Rui Cai , Peijie Qiu , Zhipeng Wang , Oana Frunza , Shao Tang , Jindong Gu , Yalin Wang

LLM-integrated applications and agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where an attacker injects prompts into their inputs to induce attacker-desired outputs. A detection method aims to determine whether a given input is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yupei Liu , Yuqi Jia , Jinyuan Jia , Dawn Song , Neil Zhenqiang Gong