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Prompt-based approaches offer a cutting-edge solution to data privacy issues in continual learning, particularly in scenarios involving multiple data suppliers where long-term storage of private user data is prohibited. Despite delivering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Trang Nguyen , Anh Tran , Nhat Ho

Prompt injection attacks, where malicious input is designed to manipulate AI systems into ignoring their original instructions and following unauthorized commands instead, were first discovered by Preamble, Inc. in May 2022 and responsibly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Jeremy McHugh , Kristina Šekrst , Jon Cefalu

Provenance-based Intrusion Detection Systems (PIDSes) have been widely used to detect Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). Although many studies achieve high performance in the evaluations of their original papers, their performance in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yue Xiao , Ling Jiang , Sen Nie , Ding Li , Shi Wu , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Public resources and services (e.g., datasets, training platforms, pre-trained models) have been widely adopted to ease the development of Deep Learning-based applications. However, if the third-party providers are untrusted, they can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Han Qiu , Yi Zeng , Shangwei Guo , Tianwei Zhang , Meikang Qiu , Bhavani Thuraisingham

Prompt injection constitutes a significant challenge for generative AI systems by inducing unintended outputs. We introduce a multi-agent NLP framework specifically designed to address prompt injection vulnerabilities through layered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Diego Gosmar , Deborah A. Dahl , Dario Gosmar

We present a framework for bridging the gap between sensor attack detection and recovery in cyber-physical systems. The proposed framework models modern-day, complex perception pipelines as bipartite graphs, which combined with anomaly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Axel Andersson , György Dán

AI agents that autonomously interact with external tools and environments have shown great promise across real-world applications. However, their reliance on external data exposes them to serious indirect prompt injection attacks, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hao Li , Ruoyao Wen , Shanghao Shi , Ning Zhang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Chaowei Xiao

Penetration testing is an essential means of proactive defense in the face of escalating cybersecurity incidents. Traditional manual penetration testing methods are time-consuming, resource-intensive, and prone to human errors. Current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yunfei Ge , Quanyan Zhu

The critical challenge of prompt injection attacks in Large Language Models (LLMs) integrated applications, a growing concern in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field. Such attacks, which manipulate LLMs through natural language inputs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xuchen Suo

Recent research has explored that LLM agents are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection (IPI) attacks, where malicious tasks embedded in tool-retrieved information can redirect the agent to take unauthorized actions. Existing defenses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Kaijie Zhu , Xianjun Yang , Jindong Wang , Wenbo Guo , William Yang Wang

Jailbreak attacks represent one of the most sophisticated threats to the security of large language models (LLMs). To deal with such risks, we introduce an innovative framework that can help evaluate the effectiveness of jailbreak attacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Dong Shu , Chong Zhang , Mingyu Jin , Zihao Zhou , Lingyao Li , Yongfeng Zhang

Energy forecasting research faces a persistent comparability gap that makes it difficult to measure consistent progress over time. Reported accuracy gains are often not directly comparable because models are evaluated under study-specific…

Recent adversarial attack developments have made reinforcement learning more vulnerable, and different approaches exist to deploy attacks against it, where the key is how to choose the right timing of the attack. Some work tries to design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Yang Li , Quan Pan , Erik Cambria

Ensemble defenses, are widely employed in various security-related applications to enhance model performance and robustness. The widespread adoption of these techniques also raises many questions: Are general ensembles defenses guaranteed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Hangsheng Zhang , Jiqiang Liu , Jinsong Dong

The rampant occurrence of cybersecurity breaches imposes substantial limitations on the progress of network infrastructures, leading to compromised data, financial losses, potential harm to individuals, and disruptions in essential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Xin Jin , Charalampos Katsis , Fan Sang , Jiahao Sun , Elisa Bertino , Ramana Rao Kompella , Ashish Kundu

Prompt injection attacks pose a pervasive threat to the security of Large Language Models (LLMs). State-of-the-art prevention-based defenses typically rely on fine-tuning an LLM to enhance its security, but they achieve limited…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yupei Liu , Yanting Wang , Yuqi Jia , Jinyuan Jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

The generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their widespread deployment across various applications. However, this increased adoption has introduced several security threats, notably in the forms of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Francesco Panebianco , Stefano Bonfanti , Francesco Trovò , Michele Carminati

Textual backdoor attacks are a kind of practical threat to NLP systems. By injecting a backdoor in the training phase, the adversary could control model predictions via predefined triggers. As various attack and defense models have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Ganqu Cui , Lifan Yuan , Bingxiang He , Yangyi Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Prompt injection attacks pose a significant challenge to the safe deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in real-world applications. While prompt-based detection offers a lightweight and interpretable defense strategy, its effectiveness…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Ting-Chun Liu , Ching-Yu Hsu , Kuan-Yi Lee , Chi-An Fu , Hung-yi Lee

As large language models (LLMs) become integrated into everyday applications, ensuring their robustness and security is increasingly critical. In particular, LLMs can be manipulated into unsafe behaviour by prompts known as jailbreaks. The…