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Algorithmic recourse seeks to provide actionable recommendations for individuals to overcome unfavorable classification outcomes from automated decision-making systems. Recourse recommendations should ideally be robust to reasonably small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Ricardo Dominguez-Olmedo , Amir-Hossein Karimi , Bernhard Schölkopf

Algorithmic recourse aims to disclose the inner workings of the black-box decision process in situations where decisions have significant consequences, by providing recommendations to empower beneficiaries to achieve a more favorable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Ahmad-Reza Ehyaei , Amir-Hossein Karimi , Bernhard Schölkopf , Setareh Maghsudi

Decision makers are increasingly relying on machine learning in sensitive situations. Algorithmic recourse aims to provide individuals with actionable and minimally costly steps to reverse unfavorable AI-driven decisions. While existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zahra Khotanlou , Kate Larson , Amir-Hossein Karimi

Algorithmic fairness is typically studied from the perspective of predictions. Instead, here we investigate fairness from the perspective of recourse actions suggested to individuals to remedy an unfavourable classification. We propose two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Julius von Kügelgen , Amir-Hossein Karimi , Umang Bhatt , Isabel Valera , Adrian Weller , Bernhard Schölkopf

Machine learning based decision making systems are increasingly affecting humans. An individual can suffer an undesirable outcome under such decision making systems (e.g. denied credit) irrespective of whether the decision is fair or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Shalmali Joshi , Oluwasanmi Koyejo , Warut Vijitbenjaronk , Been Kim , Joydeep Ghosh

In decision-making systems, algorithmic recourse aims to identify minimal-cost actions to alter an individual features, thereby obtaining a desired outcome. This empowers individuals to understand, question, or alter decisions that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Wen-Ling Chen , Hong-Chang Huang , Kai-Hung Lin , Shang-Wei Hwang , Hao-Tsung Yang

This paper introduces Personalized Path Recourse, a novel method that generates recourse paths for a reinforcement learning agent. The goal is to edit a given path of actions to achieve desired goals (e.g., better outcomes compared to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Dat Hong , Tong Wang

Algorithmic recourse -- providing recommendations to those affected negatively by the outcome of an algorithmic system on how they can take action and change that outcome -- has gained attention as a means of giving persons agency in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Andrew Bell , Joao Fonseca , Carlo Abrate , Francesco Bonchi , Julia Stoyanovich

Machine learning is increasingly used to inform decision-making in sensitive situations where decisions have consequential effects on individuals' lives. In these settings, in addition to requiring models to be accurate and robust, socially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Amir-Hossein Karimi , Gilles Barthe , Bernhard Schölkopf , Isabel Valera

Algorithmic systems are often called upon to assist in high-stakes decision making. In light of this, algorithmic recourse, the principle wherein individuals should be able to take action against an undesirable outcome made by an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Joao Fonseca , Andrew Bell , Carlo Abrate , Francesco Bonchi , Julia Stoyanovich

Algorithmic recourse provides individuals who receive undesirable outcomes from machine learning systems with minimum-cost improvements to achieve a desirable outcome. However, machine learning models often get updated, so the recourse may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kshitij Kayastha , Vasilis Gkatzelis , Shahin Jabbari

Machine Learning's proliferation in critical fields such as healthcare, banking, and criminal justice has motivated the creation of tools which ensure trust and transparency in ML models. One such tool is Actionable Recourse (AR) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Jayanth Yetukuri , Ian Hardy , Yang Liu

Algorithmic Recourse (AR) is the problem of computing a sequence of actions that -- once performed by a user -- overturns an undesirable machine decision. It is paramount that the sequence of actions does not require too much effort for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Giovanni De Toni , Paolo Viappiani , Stefano Teso , Bruno Lepri , Andrea Passerini

As machine learning models are increasingly being employed to make consequential decisions in real-world settings, it becomes critical to ensure that individuals who are adversely impacted (e.g., loan denied) by the predictions of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Martin Pawelczyk , Teresa Datta , Johannes van-den-Heuvel , Gjergji Kasneci , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Algorithmic Recourse aims to provide actionable explanations, or recourse plans, to overturn potentially unfavourable decisions taken by automated machine learning models. In this paper, we propose an interaction paradigm based on a guided…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Seyedehdelaram Esfahani , Giovanni De Toni , Bruno Lepri , Andrea Passerini , Katya Tentori , Massimo Zancanaro

The recent adoption of artificial intelligence in socio-technical systems raises concerns about the black-box nature of the resulting decisions in fields such as hiring, finance, admissions, etc. If data subjects -- such as job applicants,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Kaustav Bhattacharjee , Jun Yuan , Aritra Dasgupta

Research on algorithmic recourse typically considers how an individual can reasonably change an unfavorable automated decision when interacting with a fixed decision-making system. This paper focuses instead on the online setting, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Elliot Creager , Richard Zemel

Algorithmic recourse seeks to provide individuals with actionable recommendations that increase their chances of receiving favorable outcomes from automated decision systems (e.g., loan approvals). While prior research has emphasized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Marina Ceccon , Alessandro Fabris , Goran Radanović , Asia J. Biega , Gian Antonio Susto

People are increasingly subject to algorithmic decisions, and it is generally agreed that end-users should be provided an explanation or rationale for these decisions. There are different purposes that explanations can have, such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Emily Sullivan , Philippe Verreault-Julien

Algorithmic recourse aims to provide actionable recommendations to individuals to obtain a more favourable outcome from an automated decision-making system. As it involves reasoning about interventions performed in the physical world,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-23 Julius von Kügelgen , Nikita Agarwal , Jakob Zeitler , Afsaneh Mastouri , Bernhard Schölkopf
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