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Mental-health stigma remains a pervasive social problem that hampers treatment-seeking and recovery. Existing resources for training neural models to finely classify such stigma are limited, relying primarily on social-media or synthetic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Han Meng , Yancan Chen , Yunan Li , Yitian Yang , Jungup Lee , Renwen Zhang , Yi-Chieh Lee

Matching patients to clinical trials is a key unsolved challenge in bringing new drugs to market. Today, identifying patients who meet a trial's eligibility criteria is highly manual, taking up to 1 hour per patient. Automated screening is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Michael Wornow , Alejandro Lozano , Dev Dash , Jenelle Jindal , Kenneth W. Mahaffey , Nigam H. Shah

Context: Code reviews are essential for maintaining software quality, yet many human review comments suffer from issues such as redundancy, vagueness, or lack of constructiveness. These types of comments may slow down feedback and obscure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Semih Çağlar , Şükrü Eren Gökırmak , Eray Tüzün

Social determinants of health (SDoH) significantly influence health outcomes, shaping disease progression, treatment adherence, and health disparities. However, their documentation in structured electronic health records (EHRs) is often…

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) often lack explicit links between medications and diagnoses, making clinical decision-making and research more difficult. Even when links exist, diagnosis lists may be incomplete, especially during early…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Dina Albassam , Adam Cross , Chengxiang Zhai

Large language models (LLMs) have immense potential to make information more accessible, particularly in medicine, where complex medical jargon can hinder patient comprehension of clinical notes. We developed a patient-facing tool using…

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has advanced the benchmark in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, large amounts of labelled training data are required to train LLMs. Furthermore, data annotation and training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Sargam Yadav , Abhishek Kaushik , Kevin McDaid

Mobile and wearable healthcare monitoring play a vital role in facilitating timely interventions, managing chronic health conditions, and ultimately improving individuals' quality of life. Previous studies on large language models (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Xin Wang , Ting Dang , Xinyu Zhang , Vassilis Kostakos , Michael J. Witbrock , Hong Jia

This study introduces a taxonomy of stereotype content in contemporary large language models (LLMs). We prompt ChatGPT 3.5, Llama 3, and Mixtral 8x7B, three powerful and widely used LLMs, for the characteristics associated with 87 social…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Gandalf Nicolas , Aylin Caliskan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on NLP classification tasks. However, they typically rely on aggregated labels-often via majority voting-which can obscure the human disagreement inherent in subjective annotations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Benedetta Muscato , Yue Li , Gizem Gezici , Zhixue Zhao , Fosca Giannotti

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have positioned them as powerful tools for clinical decision-making, with rapidly expanding applications in healthcare. However, concerns about bias remain a significant challenge in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Kenza Benkirane , Jackie Kay , Maria Perez-Ortiz

Large Language Models inherit stereotypes from their pretraining data, leading to biased behavior toward certain social groups in many Natural Language Processing tasks, such as hateful speech detection or sentiment analysis. Surprisingly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Anthony Dubreuil , Antoine Gourru , Christine Largeron , Amine Trabelsi

Differential diagnosis is crucial for medicine as it helps healthcare providers systematically distinguish between conditions that share similar symptoms. This study assesses the impact of lab test results on differential diagnoses (DDx)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Balu Bhasuran , Qiao Jin , Yuzhang Xie , Carl Yang , Karim Hanna , Jennifer Costa , Cindy Shavor , Zhiyong Lu , Zhe He

Mental health stigma prevents many individuals from receiving the appropriate care, and social psychology studies have shown that mental health tends to be overlooked in men. In this work, we investigate gendered mental health stigma in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Inna Wanyin Lin , Lucille Njoo , Anjalie Field , Ashish Sharma , Katharina Reinecke , Tim Althoff , Yulia Tsvetkov

The application of large language models (LLMs) to healthcare information extraction has emerged as a promising approach. This study evaluates the classification performance of five open-source LLMs: GEMMA-3-27B-IT, LLAMA3-70B, LLAMA4-109B,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yuting Guo , Abeed Sarker

Background Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) hold transformative potential in healthcare, however, recent work has raised concern about the tendency of these models to produce outputs that display racial or gender biases.…

Despite the advances in digital healthcare systems offering curated structured knowledge, much of the critical information still lies in large volumes of unlabeled and unstructured clinical texts. These texts, which often contain protected…

Effective clinical history taking is a foundational yet underexplored component of clinical reasoning. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise on static benchmarks, they often fall short in dynamic, multi-turn diagnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yang Zhou , Zhenting Sheng , Mingrui Tan , Yuting Song , Jun Zhou , Yu Heng Kwan , Lian Leng Low , Yang Bai , Yong Liu

Extracting patient information from unstructured text is a critical task in health decision-support and clinical research. Large language models (LLMs) have shown the potential to accelerate clinical curation via few-shot in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Zelalem Gero , Chandan Singh , Hao Cheng , Tristan Naumann , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao , Hoifung Poon

Large Language Models (LLMs) are demonstrating remarkable human like capabilities across diverse domains, including psychological assessment. This study evaluates whether LLMs, specifically GPT-4o and GPT-4o mini, can infer Big Five…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jianfeng Zhu , Ruoming Jin , Karin G. Coifman