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Disagreement in annotation is a common phenomenon in the development of NLP datasets and serves as a valuable source of insight. While majority voting remains the dominant strategy for aggregating labels, recent work has explored modeling…

Sentic computing relies on well-defined affective models of different complexity - polarity to distinguish positive and negative sentiment, for example, or more nuanced models to capture expressions of human emotions. When used to measure…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Albert Weichselbraun , Jakob Steixner , Adrian M. P. Braşoveanu , Arno Scharl , Max Göbel , Lyndon J. B. Nixon

The laborious and costly nature of affect annotation is a key detrimental factor for obtaining large scale corpora with valid and reliable affect labels. Motivated by the lack of tools that can effectively determine an annotator's…

Researchers have raised awareness about the harms of aggregating labels especially in subjective tasks that naturally contain disagreements among human annotators. In this work we show that models that are only provided aggregated labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Abhishek Anand , Negar Mokhberian , Prathyusha Naresh Kumar , Anweasha Saha , Zihao He , Ashwin Rao , Fred Morstatter , Kristina Lerman

Multimodal affective computing, learning to recognize and interpret human affects and subjective information from multiple data sources, is still challenging because: (i) it is hard to extract informative features to represent human affects…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Yue Gu , Kangning Yang , Shiyu Fu , Shuhong Chen , Xinyu Li , Ivan Marsic

Emotion recognition is inherently ambiguous, with uncertainty arising both from rater disagreement and from discrepancies across modalities such as speech and text. There is growing interest in modeling rater ambiguity using label…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Jingyao Wu , Grace Lin , Yinuo Song , Rosalind Picard

Incorporating every annotator's perspective is crucial for unbiased data modeling. Annotator fatigue and changing opinions over time can distort dataset annotations. To combat this, we propose to learn a more accurate representation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Uthman Jinadu , Yi Ding

Automated emotion detection is widely used in applications ranging from well-being monitoring to high-stakes domains like mental health and hiring. However, models often rely on annotations that reflect dominant cultural norms, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Rebecca Dorn , Christina Chance , Casandra Rusti , Charles Bickham , Kai-Wei Chang , Fred Morstatter , Kristina Lerman

Robust cross-subject emotion recognition from multimodal physiological signals remains a challenging problem, primarily due to modality heterogeneity and inter-subject distribution shift. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jiahao Tang , Youjun Li , Yangxuan Zheng , Xiangting Fan , Siyuan Lu , Nuo Zhang , Zi-Gang Huang

In many real-world applications, such as customer feedback monitoring, brand reputation management, and product health tracking, understanding the temporal dynamics of user sentiment is crucial for early detection of anomalous events such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yalun Qi , Sichen Zhao , Zhiming Xue , Xianling Zeng , Zihan Yu

Text emotion detection constitutes a crucial foundation for advancing artificial intelligence from basic comprehension to the exploration of emotional reasoning. Most existing emotion detection datasets rely on manual annotations, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jingyi Zhou , Senlin Luo , Haofan Chen

Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) and Targeted ASBA (TABSA) allow finer-grained inferences about sentiment to be drawn from the same text, depending on context. For example, a given text can have different targets (e.g., neighborhoods)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Zhengxuan Wu , Desmond C. Ong

In the field of natural language processing, correction of performance assessment for chance agreement plays a crucial role in evaluating the reliability of annotations. However, there is a notable dearth of research focusing on chance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Diya Li , Carolyn Rosé , Ao Yuan , Chunxiao Zhou

Emotion labels in emotion recognition corpora are highly noisy and ambiguous, due to the annotators' subjective perception of emotions. Such ambiguity may introduce errors in automatic classification and affect the overall performance. We…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-11 Takuya Fujioka , Dario Bertero , Takeshi Homma , Kenji Nagamatsu

We present an annotation approach to capturing emotional and cognitive empathy in student-written peer reviews on business models in German. We propose an annotation scheme that allows us to model emotional and cognitive empathy scores…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Thiemo Wambsganss , Christina Niklaus , Matthias Söllner , Siegfried Handschuh , Jan Marco Leimeister

Aspect-category sentiment analysis (ACSA) aims to predict the aspect categories mentioned in texts and their corresponding sentiment polarities. Some joint models have been proposed to address this task. Given a text, these joint models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Yuncong Li , Zhe Yang , Cunxiang Yin , Xu Pan , Lunan Cui , Qiang Huang , Ting Wei

We present semi-supervised models with data augmentation (SMDA), a semi-supervised text classification system to classify interactive affective responses. SMDA utilizes recent transformer-based models to encode each sentence and employs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Jiaao Chen , Yuwei Wu , Diyi Yang

Auto-annotation by ensemble of models is an efficient method of learning on unlabeled data. Wrong or inaccurate annotations generated by the ensemble may lead to performance degradation of the trained model. To deal with this problem we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Dror Simon , Miriam Farber , Roman Goldenberg

By exploiting the theory of skew-symmetric distributions, we generalise existing results in sensitivity analysis by providing the analytic expression of the bias induced by marginalization over an unobserved continuous confounder in a…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-19 Matteo Gasparin , Bruno Scarpa , Elena Stanghellini

Research in emotion analysis is scattered across different label formats (e.g., polarity types, basic emotion categories, and affective dimensions), linguistic levels (word vs. sentence vs. discourse), and, of course, (few well-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Sven Buechel , Luise Modersohn , Udo Hahn