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Crowdsourcing has been the prevalent paradigm for creating natural language understanding datasets in recent years. A common crowdsourcing practice is to recruit a small number of high-quality workers, and have them massively generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Mor Geva , Yoav Goldberg , Jonathan Berant

While Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) systems have achieved high accuracy in identifying sentiment polarities, they often operate as "black boxes," lacking the explicit reasoning capabilities characteristic of human affective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Shihao Zhang , Ziwei Wang , Jie Zhou , Yulan Wu , Qin Chen , Zhikai Lei , Liyang Yu , Liang Dou , Liang He

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) stands as a crucial task in predicting the sentiment polarity associated with identified aspects within text. However, a notable challenge in ABSA lies in precisely determining the aspects' boundaries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Shunyu Liu , Jie Zhou , Qunxi Zhu , Qin Chen , Qingchun Bai , Jun Xiao , Liang He

Meta-analysis is a powerful tool to synthesize findings from multiple studies. The normal-normal random-effects model is widely used to account for between-study heterogeneity. However, meta-analysis of sparse data, which may arise when the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-10 Taojun Hu , Yi Zhou , Satoshi Hattori

Human emotions unfold over time, and more affective computing research has to prioritize capturing this crucial component of real-world affect. Modeling dynamic emotional stimuli requires solving the twin challenges of time-series modeling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Desmond C. Ong , Zhengxuan Wu , Tan Zhi-Xuan , Marianne Reddan , Isabella Kahhale , Alison Mattek , Jamil Zaki

Sentiment analysis, especially for long documents, plausibly requires methods capturing complex linguistics structures. To accommodate this, we propose a novel framework to exploit task-related discourse for the task of sentiment analysis.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Patrick Huber , Giuseppe Carenini

When constructing models that learn from noisy labels produced by multiple annotators, it is important to accurately estimate the reliability of annotators. Annotators may provide labels of inconsistent quality due to their varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Maolin Li , Arvid Fahlström Myrman , Tingting Mu , Sophia Ananiadou

The NLP community has long advocated for the construction of multi-annotator datasets to better capture the nuances of language interpretation, subjectivity, and ambiguity. This paper conducts a retrospective study to show how performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Pritam Kadasi , Mayank Singh

Transfer learning has achieved promising results by leveraging knowledge from the source domain to annotate the target domain which has few or none labels. Existing methods often seek to minimize the distribution divergence between domains,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Jindong Wang , Yiqiang Chen , Shuji Hao , Wenjie Feng , Zhiqi Shen

Emotion recognition is a complex task due to the inherent subjectivity in both the perception and production of emotions. The subjectivity of emotions poses significant challenges in developing accurate and robust computational models. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Mimansa Jaiswal

We present the results of our system for the CoMeDi Shared Task, which predicts majority votes (Subtask 1) and annotator disagreements (Subtask 2). Our approach combines model ensemble strategies with MLP-based and threshold-based methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zhu Liu , Zhen Hu , Ying Liu

Many machine learning tasks involve inherent subjectivity, where annotators naturally provide varied labels. Standard practice collapses these label distributions into single labels, aggregating diverse human judgments into point estimates.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Agamdeep Singh , Ashish Tiwari , Hosein Hasanbeig , Priyanshu Gupta

Human-generated categorical annotations frequently produce empirical response distributions (soft labels) that reflect ambiguity rather than simple annotator error. We introduce an ambiguity measure that maps a discrete response…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Christopher Klugmann , Daniel Kondermann

Hand-annotated data can vary due to factors such as subjective differences, intra-rater variability, and differing annotator expertise. We study annotations from different experts who labelled the same behavior classes on a set of animal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Megan Tjandrasuwita , Jennifer J. Sun , Ann Kennedy , Swarat Chaudhuri , Yisong Yue

Automatically recognising apparent emotions from face and voice is hard, in part because of various sources of uncertainty, including in the input data and the labels used in a machine learning framework. This paper introduces an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Mani Kumar Tellamekala , Shahin Amiriparian , Björn W. Schuller , Elisabeth André , Timo Giesbrecht , Michel Valstar

Recent work introduced the model of learning from discriminative feature feedback, in which a human annotator not only provides labels of instances, but also identifies discriminative features that highlight important differences between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Sanjoy Dasgupta , Sivan Sabato

Visual Emotion Analysis (VEA), which aims to predict people's emotions towards different visual stimuli, has become an attractive research topic recently. Rather than a single label classification task, it is more rational to regard VEA as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Jingyuan Yang , Jie Li , Leida Li , Xiumei Wang , Yuxuan Ding , Xinbo Gao

Random-effects meta-analyses of observational studies can produce biased estimates if the synthesized studies are subject to unmeasured confounding. We propose sensitivity analyses quantifying the extent to which unmeasured confounding of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-10 Maya B. Mathur , Tyler J. VanderWeele

By utilizing label distribution learning, a probability distribution is assigned for a facial image to express a compound emotion, which effectively improves the problem of label uncertainties and noises occurred in one-hot labels. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Shasha Mao , Guanghui Shi , Licheng Jiao , Shuiping Gou , Yangyang Li , Lin Xiong , Boxin Shi

Learning algorithms normally assume that there is at most one annotation or label per data point. However, in some scenarios, such as medical diagnosis and on-line collaboration,multiple annotations may be available. In either case,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Yan Yan , Romer Rosales , Glenn Fung , Jennifer Dy
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