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Classical frameworks like Fisher Information approximate the cost of neural adaptation only in low-density regimes, failing to explain the explosive computational overhead incurred during deep structural reconfiguration. To address this, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jipeng Han

A human brain is capable of continual learning by nature; however the current mainstream deep neural networks suffer from a phenomenon named catastrophic forgetting (i.e., learning a new set of patterns suddenly and completely would result…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Zhenfeng Cao

Learning performed over finite time is inherently irreversible. In Part~I of this series, we modeled learning as a transport process in the space of parameter distributions and derived the Epistemic Speed Limit (ESL), which lower-bounds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Daisuke Okanohara

Catastrophic forgetting affects the training of neural networks, limiting their ability to learn multiple tasks sequentially. From the perspective of the well established plasticity-stability dilemma, neural networks tend to be overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Seyed Iman Mirzadeh , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Razvan Pascanu , Hassan Ghasemzadeh

Catastrophic forgetting remains a fundamental challenge in continual learning, in which models often forget previous knowledge when fine-tuned on a new task. This issue is especially pronounced in class incremental learning (CIL), which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Amirhosein Javadi , Tuomas Oikarinen , Tara Javidi , Tsui-Wei Weng

Catastrophic forgetting has been a major challenge in continual learning, where the model needs to learn new tasks with limited or no access to data from previously seen tasks. To tackle this challenge, methods based on knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Qiao Gu , Dongsub Shim , Florian Shkurti

The goal of continual learning (CL) is to learn a sequence of tasks without suffering from the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting. Previous work has shown that leveraging memory in the form of a replay buffer can reduce performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Sayna Ebrahimi , Suzanne Petryk , Akash Gokul , William Gan , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Marcus Rohrbach , Trevor Darrell

Major data protection regulations all mention the "right to be forgotten," and that's what pushed federated unlearning (FU) techniques forward. But one stubborn issue remains: catastrophic forgetting--you erase the target knowledge, yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Hangyi Shen , Yizhi Pan , Tiansuo Li , Weiqi Jiang , Guanqun Sun

Developing autonomous vehicles (AVs) helps improve the road safety and traffic efficiency of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Accurately predicting the trajectories of traffic participants is essential to the decision-making and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Yunlong Lin , Zirui Li , Cheng Gong , Chao Lu , Xinwei Wang , Jianwei Gong

Continual learning (CL) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for acquiring knowledge from sequential tasks while avoiding catastrophic forgetting. Although many CL methods have been proposed to show impressive empirical performance, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Wen Wen , Tieliang Gong , Zeyu Gao , Yunjiao Zhang , Weizhan Zhang , Yong-Jin Liu

Continual/lifelong learning from a non-stationary input data stream is a cornerstone of intelligence. Despite their phenomenal performance in a wide variety of applications, deep neural networks are prone to forgetting their previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Ali Abbasi , Parsa Nooralinejad , Vladimir Braverman , Hamed Pirsiavash , Soheil Kolouri

In lifelong learning systems based on artificial neural networks, one of the biggest obstacles is the inability to retain old knowledge as new information is encountered. This phenomenon is known as catastrophic forgetting. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Alexander Ororbia , Ankur Mali , Daniel Kifer , C. Lee Giles

Federated- and Continual Learning have been established as approaches to enable privacy-aware learning on continuously changing data, as required for deploying AI systems in histopathology images. However, data shifts can occur in a dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Niklas Babendererde , Haozhe Zhu , Moritz Fuchs , Jonathan Stieber , Anirban Mukhopadhyay

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle offers a compelling theoretical framework to understand how neural networks (NNs) learn. However, its practical utility has been constrained by unresolved theoretical ambiguities and significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Charles Westphal , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

We introduce a lifelong imitation learning framework that enables continual policy refinement across sequential tasks under realistic memory and data constraints. Our approach departs from conventional experience replay by operating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Fanqi Yu , Matteo Tiezzi , Tommaso Apicella , Cigdem Beyan , Vittorio Murino

Federated and Continual Learning have emerged as potential paradigms for the robust and privacy-aware use of Deep Learning in dynamic environments. However, Client Drift and Catastrophic Forgetting are fundamental obstacles to guaranteeing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Niklas Babendererde , Moritz Fuchs , Camila Gonzalez , Yuri Tolkach , Anirban Mukhopadhyay

Federated learning learns from scattered data by fusing collaborative models from local nodes. However, due to chaotic information distribution, the model fusion may suffer from structural misalignment with regard to unmatched parameters.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Fuxun Yu , Weishan Zhang , Zhuwei Qin , Zirui Xu , Di Wang , Chenchen Liu , Zhi Tian , Xiang Chen

The ability to continuously process and retain new information like we do naturally as humans is a feat that is highly sought after when training neural networks. Unfortunately, the traditional optimization algorithms often require large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Sami Ede , Serop Baghdadlian , Leander Weber , An Nguyen , Dario Zanca , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin

A common challenge in continual learning (CL) is catastrophic forgetting, where the performance on old tasks drops after new, additional tasks are learned. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called ReCL to slow down forgetting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Pascal Janetzky , Tobias Schlagenhauf , Stefan Feuerriegel

Continual learning is a challenge for models with static architecture, as they fail to adapt to when data distributions evolve across tasks. We introduce a mathematical framework that jointly models architecture and weights in a Sobolev…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Allyson Hahn , Krishnan Raghavan