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Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to produce hallucinations - factually incorrect or fabricated information - which poses significant challenges for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, such as dialogue systems. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Xiangyan Chen , Yufeng Li , Yujian Gan , Arkaitz Zubiaga , Matthew Purver

The transition of Large Language Models (LLMs) from passive knowledge retrievers to autonomous clinical agents demands a shift in evaluation-from static accuracy to dynamic behavioral reliability. To explore this boundary in dentistry, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hongyang Ma , Tiantian Gu , Huaiyuan Sun , Huilin Zhu , Yongxin Wang , Jie Li , Wubin Sun , Zeliang Lian , Yinghong Zhou , Yi Gao , Shirui Wang , Zhihui Tang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated promise on publicly available dermatology benchmarks. However, benchmark performance may not generalize to real-world dermatologic decision-making. To quantify this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Roy Jiang , Hyunjae Kim , Zhenyue Qin , Morten Lee , Margaret MacGibeny , Ailish Hanly , Angela Sadlowski , Shanin Chowdhury , Xuguang Ai , Jeffrey Gehlhausen , Qingyu Chen

Supportive conversation depends on skills that go beyond language fluency, including reading emotions, adjusting tone, and navigating moments of resistance, frustration, or distress. Despite rapid progress in language models, we still lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Laya Iyer , Kriti Aggarwal , Sanmi Koyejo , Gail Heyman , Desmond C. Ong , Subhabrata Mukherjee

Therapeutic dialogue is not a sequence of isolated responses: client goals, motivation, resistance, and therapeutic alliance evolve over time. Yet current LLM-based mental health dialogue systems often lack explicit mechanisms for tracking…

Large language models (LLMs) are deployed on increasingly complex tasks that require multi-step decision-making. Understanding their algorithmic reasoning abilities is therefore crucial. However, we lack a diagnostic benchmark for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yu He , Yingxi Li , Colin White , Ellen Vitercik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have brought huge improvements to Artificial Intelligence (AI), which can be applied to general-purpose tasks. However, their application to textual or spoken medical consultations is still an open research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Heriberto Cuayahuitl , Grace Jang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support scientific work, but it is unclear whether they uphold responsible conduct of research (RCR) norms or help undermine them. We introduce SciIntBench, an adversarial benchmark of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Almene De Meran Meguimtsop , Maria Leonor Pacheco , Daniel E. Acuna

The rapid integration of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) into critical domains necessitates comprehensive moral evaluation to ensure their alignment with human values. While extensive research has addressed moral evaluation in LLMs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Bei Yan , Jie Zhang , Zhiyuan Chen , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as conversational assistants in open-domain, multi-turn settings, where users often provide incomplete or ambiguous information. However, existing LLM-focused clarification benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Sichun Luo , Yi Huang , Mukai Li , Shichang Meng , Fengyuan Liu , Zefa Hu , Junlan Feng , Qi Liu

Medical Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated potential in healthcare applications, yet their propensity for hallucinations -- generating medically implausible or inaccurate information -- presents substantial risks to patient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Kaiwen Zuo , Yirui Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in clinical reasoning and risk assessment. However, their interpretive reliability in critical and indeterminate domains such as psychiatry remains unclear. Prior work has identified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Shevya Panda , Shinjini Bose , Ananya Joshi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in healthcare, yet their communicative alignment with clinical standards remains insufficiently quantified. We conduct a multidimensional evaluation of general-purpose and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Mariano Barone , Francesco Di Serio , Roberto Moio , Marco Postiglione , Giuseppe Riccio , Antonio Romano , Vincenzo Moscato

Most existing LLM diagnoses are evaluated on static, single-turn settings where complete patient information is provided upfront, an oversimplification of real clinical practice. We study active diagnosis: the real-life clinical process of…

Large Language Models (\textbf{LLMs}), e.g. ChatGPT, have been widely adopted in real-world dialogue applications. However, LLMs' robustness, especially in handling long complex dialogue sessions, including frequent motivation transfer,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Chenghao Yang , Yinbo Luo , Zhoufutu Wen , Qi Chu , Tao Gong , Longxiang Liu , Kaiyuan Zhang , Jianpeng Jiao , Ge Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Nenghai Yu

Background Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in medical consultations, yet their safety under realistic user pressures remains understudied. Prior assessments focused on neutral conditions, overlooking vulnerabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Vahideh Zolfaghari

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as simulated participants in social science experiments, but their behavior is often unstable and highly sensitive to design choices. Prior evaluations frequently conflate base-model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Liu , Haoyang Shang , Zizhang Liu , Xinyan Liu , Yunze Xiao , Yiwen Tu , Haojian Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various applications, but their deployment in real-world settings faces several risks, including jailbreak attacks and privacy leaks. To mitigate these risks, numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiangtao Meng , Tianshuo Cong , Li Wang , Wenyu Chen , Zheng Li , Shanqing Guo , Xiaoyun Wang

Spoken Dialogue Models (SDMs) have advanced rapidly, yet their ability to sustain genuinely interactive multi-turn conversations remains underexplored, as most benchmarks focus on single-turn exchanges. We introduce Multi-Bench, the first…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Yayue Deng , Guoqiang Hu , Haiyang Sun , Xiangyu Zhang , Haoyang Zhang , Fei Tian , Xuerui Yang , Gang Yu , Eng Siong Chng

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on their ability to generate high-quality, accurate, situationally aware answers to clinical questions requires going beyond conventional benchmarks to assess how these systems behave in complex,…