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Today's computing systems require moving data back-and-forth between computing resources (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, accelerators) and off-chip main memory so that computation can take place on the data. Unfortunately, this data movement is a major…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Geraldo F. Oliveira , Amirali Boroumand , Saugata Ghose , Juan Gómez-Luna , Onur Mutlu

The consistent demand for better performance has lead to innovations at hardware and microarchitectural levels. 3D stacking of memory and logic dies delivers an order of magnitude improvement in available memory bandwidth. The price paid…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Karthik Rao , William Song , Yorai Wardi , Sudhakar Yalamanchili

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have established new performance benchmarks in vision tasks such as image recognition and object detection. However, these advancements come with significant demands for memory and computational resources,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Cong Wang , Zexin Fu , Jiayi Huang , Shanshi Huang

State space models (SSMs) have recently emerged as a powerful framework for long sequence processing, outperforming traditional methods on diverse benchmarks. Fundamentally, SSMs can generalize both recurrent and convolutional networks and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-24 Xiaoyu Zhang , Mingtao Hu , Sen Lu , Soohyeon Kim , Eric Yeu-Jer Lee , Yuyang Liu , Wei D. Lu

Compute-in-memory (CIM) accelerators for spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising solutions to enable $\mu$s-level inference latency and ultra-low energy in edge vision applications. Yet, their current lack of flexibility at both the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Nicolas Chauvaux , Adrian Kneip , Christoph Posch , Kofi Makinwa , Charlotte Frenkel

Computation-in-Memory (CiM) is attracting attention as a technology that can perform MAC calculations required for AI accelerators, at high speed with low power consumption. However, there is a problem regarding power consumption and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Fuyuki Kihara , Seiji Uenohara , Satoshi Awamura , Naoko Misawa , Chihiro Matsui , Ken Takeuchi

Compute-in-memory (CiM) architectures promise significant improvements in energy efficiency and throughput for deep neural network acceleration by alleviating the von Neumann bottleneck. However, their reliance on emerging non-volatile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yifan Qin , Jiahao Zheng , Zheyu Yan , Wujie Wen , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Yiyu Shi

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as a promising solution for accelerating memory-intensive workloads as they provide high memory bandwidth to the processing units. This approach has drawn attention not only from the academic community…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Dongjae Lee , Bongjoon Hyun , Taehun Kim , Minsoo Rhu

While deep neural network (DNN)-based video denoising has demonstrated significant performance, deploying state-of-the-art models on edge devices remains challenging due to stringent real-time and energy efficiency requirements.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shan Gao , Zhiqiang Wu , Yawen Niu , Xiaotao Li , Qingqing Xu

The ever-increasing computation complexity of fastgrowing Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has requested new computing paradigms to overcome the memory wall in conventional Von Neumann computing architectures. The emerging Computing-In-Memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Kaining Zhou , Yangshuo He , Rui Xiao , Jiayi Liu , Kejie Huang

Poor DRAM technology scaling over the course of many years has caused DRAM-based main memory to increasingly become a larger system bottleneck. A major reason for the bottleneck is that data stored within DRAM must be moved across a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Saugata Ghose , Kevin Hsieh , Amirali Boroumand , Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Onur Mutlu

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) enhances memory with computational capabilities, potentially solving energy and latency issues associated with data transfer between memory and processors. However, managing concurrent computation and data flow…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Ahmed Mamdouh , Haoran Geng , Michael Niemier , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Dayane Reis

Compute-In-Memory (CiM) is a promising solution to accelerate Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) as it can avoid energy-intensive DNN weight movement and use memory arrays to perform low-energy, high-density computations. These benefits have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Tanner Andrulis , Joel S. Emer , Vivienne Sze

Large language models (LLMs) have recently transformed natural language processing, enabling machines to generate human-like text and engage in meaningful conversations. This development necessitates speed, efficiency, and accessibility in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Christopher Wolters , Xiaoxuan Yang , Ulf Schlichtmann , Toyotaro Suzumura

We construct two spin models on lattices (both two and three-dimensional) to study the capability of quantum computational power as a function of temperature and the system parameter. There exists a finite region in the phase diagram such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-19 Tzu-Chieh Wei , Ying Li , Leong Chuan Kwek

Brain-inspired hyperdimensional computing (HDC) is an emerging machine learning (ML) methods. It is based on large vectors of binary or bipolar symbols and a few simple mathematical operations. The promise of HDC is a highly efficient…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Paul R. Genssler , Austin Vas , Hussam Amrouch

Digital processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures are rapidly emerging to overcome the memory-wall bottleneck by integrating logic within memory elements. Such architectures provide vast computational power within the memory itself in the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Orian Leitersdorf , Dean Leitersdorf , Jonathan Gal , Mor Dahan , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

While Landauer's Principle sets a lower bound for the work required for a computation, that work is recoverable for efficient computations. However, practical physical computers, such as modern digital computers or biochemical systems, are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-04-27 Alexander B. Boyd , Paul M. Riechers , Gregory W. Wimsatt , James P. Crutchfield , Mile Gu

Many modern and emerging applications must process increasingly large volumes of data. Unfortunately, prevalent computing paradigms are not designed to efficiently handle such large-scale data: the energy and performance costs to move this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Saugata Ghose , Amirali Boroumand , Jeremie S. Kim , Juan Gómez-Luna , Onur Mutlu

Computing has a huge memory problem. The memory system, consisting of multiple technologies at different levels, is responsible for most of the energy consumption, performance bottlenecks, robustness problems, monetary cost, and hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Onur Mutlu , Ataberk Olgun , Ismail Emir Yuksel