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The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, wildlife preservation, autonomous driving and criminal justice system calls for a data-centric approach to AI. Data scientists spend the majority of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Arumoy Shome , Luis Cruz , Arie van Deursen

Context. Technical debt (TD) items are constructs in a software system providing short-term benefits but hindering future changes. TD management (TDM) is frequently researched but rarely adopted in practice. Goal. This study aimed to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Marion Wiese , Kamila Serwa , Anastasia Besier , Ariane S. Marion-Jetten , Eva Bittner

AI coding assistants are now widely used in software development. Software developers increasingly integrate AI-generated code into their codebases to improve productivity. Prior studies have shown that AI-generated code may contain code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yue Liu , Ratnadira Widyasari , Yanjie Zhao , Ivana Clairine Irsan , Junkai Chen , David Lo

Technical debt (TD) refers to delayed tasks and immature artifacts that may bring short-term benefits but incur extra costs of change during maintenance and evolution in the long term. TD has been extensively studied in the past decade, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Zengyang Li , Yilin Peng , Peng Liang , Apostolos Ampatzoglou , Ran Mo , Hui Liu , Xiaoxiao Qi

\underline{Context:} Logging is a fundamental yet complex practice in software engineering, essential for monitoring, debugging, and auditing software systems. With the increasing integration of machine learning (ML) components into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Patrick Loic Foalem , Leuson Da Silva , Foutse Khomh , Ettore Merlo , Heng Li

Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) refers to technical compromises explicitly admitted by developers in natural language artifacts such as code comments, commit messages, and issue trackers. Among its types, Architecture Technical Debt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Edi Sutoyo , Paris Avgeriou , Andrea Capiluppi

Context: Technical Debt requirements are related to the distance between the ideal value of the specification and the system's actual implementation, which are consequences of strategic decisions for immediate gains, or unintended changes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Ana Melo , Roberta Fagundes , Valentina Lenarduzzi , Wylliams Santos

Architectural technical debt (ATD) represents trade-offs in software architecture that accelerate initial development but create long-term maintenance challenges. ATD, in particular when self-admitted, impacts the foundational structure of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Edi Sutoyo , Paris Avgeriou , Andrea Capiluppi

Code Smell, similar to a bad smell, is a surface indication of something tainted but in terms of software writing practices. This metric is an indication of a deeper problem lies within the code and is associated with an issue which is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Himanshu Gupta , Tanmay G. Kulkarni , Lov Kumar , Lalita Bhanu Murthy Neti , Aneesh Krishna

Technical debt occurs in many different forms across software artifacts. One such form is connected to software architectures where debt emerges in the form of structural anti-patterns across architecture elements, namely, architecture…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Damian Andrew Tamburri , Francesca Arcelli Fontana , Riccardo Roveda , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Motivation: Technical debt is a metaphor that describes not-quite-right code introduced for short-term needs. Developers are aware of it and admit it in source code comments, which is called Self- Admitted Technical Debt (SATD). Therefore,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Moritz Mock

Deep learning has been the answer to many machine learning problems during the past two decades. However, it comes with two major constraints: dependency on extensive labeled data and training costs. Transfer learning in deep learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Mohammadreza Iman , Khaled Rasheed , Hamid R. Arabnia

Technical debt is a well-known challenge in software development, and its negative impact on software quality, maintainability, and performance is widely recognized. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has proven to be a promising…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Srinivas Babu Pandi , Samia A. Binta , Savita Kaushal

Serverless computing is a cloud execution model where developers run code, and the server management is handled by the cloud provider. Serverless computing is increasingly gaining popularity as more systems adopt it to enhance scalability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hasini Sumalee Perera , Zadia Codabux , Fabio Palomba

The promise of Large Language Models in automated software engineering is often measured by functional correctness, overlooking the critical issue of long term maintainability. This paper presents a systematic audit of technical debt in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yuecai Zhu , Nikolaos Tsantalis , Peter C. Rigby

Code Smell Detection (CSD) plays a crucial role in improving software quality and maintainability. And Deep Learning (DL) techniques have emerged as a promising approach for CSD due to their superior performance. However, the effectiveness…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Fengji Zhang , Zexian Zhang , Jacky Wai Keung , Xiangru Tang , Zhen Yang , Xiao Yu , Wenhua Hu

Technical Debts (TD) are problems of the internal software quality. They are often contracted due to tight project deadlines, for example quick fixes and workarounds, and can make future changes more costly or impossible. TD prevention…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Marion Wiese , Matthias Riebisch , Julian Schwarze

Context: Technical Debt needs to be managed to avoid disastrous consequences, and investigating developers' habits concerning technical debt management is invaluable information in software development. Objective: This study aims to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Zadia Codabux , Christopher Dutchyn

Deep learning has solved a problem that as little as five years ago was thought by many to be intractable - the automatic recognition of patterns in data; and it can do so with accuracy that often surpasses human beings. It has solved…

Upon evolving their software, organizations and individual developers have to spend a substantial effort to pay back technical debt, i.e., the fact that software is released in a shape not as good as it should be, e.g., in terms of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Antonio Mastropaolo , Massimiliano Di Penta , Gabriele Bavota