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We investigate auction mechanisms for AI-generated content, focusing on applications like ad creative generation. In our model, agents' preferences over stochastically generated content are encoded as large language models (LLMs). We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Paul Duetting , Vahab Mirrokni , Renato Paes Leme , Haifeng Xu , Song Zuo

Reward Modeling is critical in evaluating and improving the generation of Large Language Models (LLMs). While numerous recent works have shown its feasibility in improving safety, helpfulness, reasoning, and instruction-following ability,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Hanning Zhang , Juntong Song , Juno Zhu , Yuanhao Wu , Tong Zhang , Cheng Niu

In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) with assertions to mitigate imbalances in educational datasets. Traditional models often fall short in such contexts, particularly due to the complexity and nuanced…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jeanne McClure , Machi Shimmei , Noboru Matsuda , Shiyan Jiang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an indispensable paradigm for enhancing reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, standard policy optimization methods, such as Group Relative Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Pengyi Li , Elizaveta Goncharova , Andrey Kuznetsov , Ivan Oseledets

Cold start scenarios present fundamental obstacles to effective recommendation generation, particularly when dealing with users lacking interaction history or items with sparse metadata. This research proposes an innovative hybrid framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Nikita Zmanovskii

Today's large language models (LLMs) are trained to align with user preferences through methods such as reinforcement learning. Yet models are beginning to be deployed not merely to satisfy users, but also to generate revenue for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Addison J. Wu , Ryan Liu , Shuyue Stella Li , Yulia Tsvetkov , Thomas L. Griffiths

We investigate the usage of Large Language Model (LLM) in collecting high-quality data to warm-start Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms for learning in some classical Markov Decision Process (MDP) environments. In this work, we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Thang Duong , Minglai Yang , Chicheng Zhang

This paper explores the combination of two intrinsic motivation strategies to improve the efficiency of reinforcement learning (RL) agents in environments with extreme sparse rewards, where traditional learning struggles due to infrequent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 André Quadros , Cassio Silva , Ronnie Alves

The multi-commodity flow (MCF) problem is a fundamental topic in network flow and combinatorial optimization, with broad applications in transportation, communication, and logistics, etc. Nowadays, the rapid expansion of allocation systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Xinyu Yuan , Yan Qiao , Zonghui Wang , Wenzhi Chen

With the growing use of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), training large language models (LLMs) for context-sensitive reasoning and faithfulness is increasingly important. Existing RAG-oriented reinforcement learning (RL) methods rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Zhehao Tan , Yihan Jiao , Dan Yang , Junjie Wang , Duolin Sun , Jie Feng , Xidong Wang , Lei Liu , Yue Shen , Jian Wang , Jinjie Gu

In-context learning (ICL) facilitates Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibiting emergent ability on downstream tasks without updating billions of parameters. However, in the area of multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), two problems…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jun Gao , Qian Qiao , Ziqiang Cao , Zili Wang , Wenjie Li

The reward model has become increasingly important in alignment, assessment, and data construction for large language models (LLMs). Most existing researchers focus on enhancing reward models through data improvements, following the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Shujun Liu , Xiaoyu Shen , Yuhang Lai , Siyuan Wang , Shengbin Yue , Zengfeng Huang , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

Incentive mechanism is crucial for federated learning (FL) when rational clients do not have the same interests in the global model as the server. However, due to system heterogeneity and limited budget, it is generally impractical for the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Bing Luo , Yutong Feng , Shiqiang Wang , Jianwei Huang , Leandros Tassiulas

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit systematic risk-taking behaviors analogous to those observed in gambling psychology, including overconfidence bias, loss-chasing tendencies, and probability misjudgment. Drawing from behavioral economics…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Y. Du

Evolutionary agentic systems intensify the trade-off between computational efficiency and reasoning capability by repeatedly invoking large language models (LLMs) during inference. This setting raises a central question: how can an agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Pretam Ray , Pratik Prabhanjan Brahma , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in agentic settings where they act as collaborators with humans. Therefore, it is increasingly important to be able to evaluate their abilities to collaborate effectively in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Abhijnan Nath , Nikhil Krishnaswamy

Building on the linear programming approach to competitive equilibrium pricing, we develop a general method for constructing iterative auctions that achieve Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) outcomes. We show how to transform a linear program…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Sébastien Lahaie , Benjamin Lubin

Large language models (LLMs) can be improved by aligning with human preferences through fine-tuning -- the so-called reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, the cost of fine-tuning an LLM is prohibitive for many users.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ahmad Rashid , Ruotian Wu , Julia Grosse , Agustinus Kristiadi , Pascal Poupart

Autoregressive video generation has improved rapidly in visual fidelity and interactivity, but it still suffers from long-term inconsistency and memory degradation. Most existing solutions either compress historical frames using predefined…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jinzhuo Liu , Jiangning Zhang , Wencan Jiang , Yabiao Wang , Dingkang Liang , Zhucun Xue , Ran Yi , Yong Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) often suffer from mode collapse, repeatedly generating the same few completions even when many valid answers exist, limiting their diversity across a wide range of tasks. We introduce Group-Aware Policy…