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Despite the widespread use of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) for observing the structure of materials at the atomic scale, a detailed understanding of some relevant electron beam damage mechanisms is limited. Recent…

Cutting edge deep learning techniques allow for image segmentation with great speed and accuracy. However, application to problems in materials science is often difficult since these complex models may have difficultly learning physical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-13 James P. Horwath , Dmitri N. Zakharov , Remi Megret , Eric A. Stach

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has drawn significant attention from researchers who work on medical image segmentation because of its generalizability. However, researchers have found that SAM may have limited performance on medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yihao Liu , Jiaming Zhang , Andres Diaz-Pinto , Haowei Li , Alejandro Martin-Gomez , Amir Kheradmand , Mehran Armand

Electron microscopy is a powerful tool for studying the properties of materials down to their atomic structure. In many cases, the quantitative interpretation of images requires simulations based on atomistic structure models. These…

Segmentation is an important analysis task for biomedical images, enabling the study of individual organelles, cells or organs. Deep learning has massively improved segmentation methods, but challenges remain in generalization to new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Carolin Teuber , Anwai Archit , Constantin Pape

Observing the individual building blocks of matter is one of the primary goals of microscopy. The invention of the scanning tunneling microscope [1] revolutionized experimental surface science in that atomic-scale features on a solid-state…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-08-04 Jannik C. Meyer , C. O. Girit , M. F. Crommie , A. Zettl

Electroencephalography provides a non-invasive window into brain activity, offering valuable insights for neurological research, brain-computer interfaces, and clinical diagnostics. However, the development of robust machine learning models…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-26 Chi-Sheng Chen , Ying-Jung Chen , Aidan Hung-Wen Tsai

Although vision foundation models (VFMs) are increasingly reused for biomedical image analysis, it remains unclear whether the latent representations they provide are general enough to support effective transfer and reuse across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Caterina Fuster-Barceló , Virginie Uhlmann

The information content of atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images can often be reduced to a handful of parameters describing each atomic column, chief amongst which is the column position. Neural networks…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-02-22 Jingrui Wei , Ben Blaiszik , Aristana Scourtas , Dane Morgan , Paul M. Voyles

The evaluation of synthetic micro-structure images is an emerging problem as machine learning and materials science research have evolved together. Typical state of the art methods in evaluating synthetic images from generative models have…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-11-18 Devesh Shah , Anirudh Suresh , Alemayehu Admasu , Devesh Upadhyay , Kalyanmoy Deb

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a foundational model for image segmentation tasks, known for its strong generalization across diverse applications. However, its impressive performance comes with significant computational and resource…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xiaorui Sun , Jun Liu , Heng Tao Shen , Xiaofeng Zhu , Ping Hu

Image segmentation is a critical task in microscopy, essential for accurately analyzing and interpreting complex visual data. This task can be performed using custom models trained on domain-specific datasets, transfer learning from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Kamyar Barakati , Utkarsh Pratiush , Sheryl L. Sanchez , Aditya Raghavan , Delia J. Milliron , Mahshid Ahmadi , Philip D. Rack , Sergei V. Kalinin

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a cost-effective, highly accessible and widely employed diagnostic tool. With the advent of Foundation Models (FMs), the field of AI-assisted ECG interpretation has begun to evolve, as they enable model reuse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Francesca Filice , Edoardo De Rose , Simone Bartucci , Francesco Calimeri , Simona Perri

Deep understanding of electromagnetic signals is fundamental to dynamic spectrum management, intelligent transportation, autonomous driving and unmanned vehicle perception. The field faces challenges because electromagnetic signals differ…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Luqing Luo , Wenjin Gui , Yunfei Liu , Ziyue Zhang , Yunxi Zhang , Fengxiang Wang , Zonghao Guo , Zizhi Ma , Xinzhu Liu , Hanxiang He , Jinhai Li , Xin Qiu , Wupeng Xie , Yangang Sun

*To be published in Springer Handbook of Surface Science (Springer Verlag) [Preprint]* The capability to display images containing chemical, magnetic and structural information and to perform spectroscopy and diffraction from a {\mu}m-sized…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-12-06 Alessandro Sala

High-throughput 2D and 3D scanning electron microscopy, which relies on automation and dependable control algorithms, requires high image quality with minimal human intervention. Classical focus and astigmatism correction algorithms attempt…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-05-10 Philipp Johannes Schubert , Rangoli Saxena , Joergen Kornfeld

Foundation models (FMs) have emerged as a transformative paradigm in medical image analysis, offering the potential to provide generalizable, task-agnostic solutions across a wide range of clinical tasks and imaging modalities. Their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Karma Phuntsho , Abdullah , Kyungmi Lee , Ickjai Lee , Euijoon Ahn

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used in healthcare applications, such as arrhythmia detection and sleep monitoring, making accurate ECG analysis critically essential. Traditional deep learning models for ECG are task-specific, with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Yu Han , Vittorio Murino , Xiaofeng Liu , Xiang Zhang , Cheng Ding

Electron microscopy has enabled many scientific breakthroughs across multiple fields. A key challenge is the tuning of microscope parameters based on images to overcome optical aberrations that deteriorate image quality. This calibration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jilles S. van Hulst , W. P. M. H. Heemels , Duarte J. Antunes

Visual foundation models (VFMs) have become increasingly popular due to their state-of-the-art performance. However, interpretability remains crucial for critical applications. In this sense, self-explainable models (SEM) aim to provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Hugues Turbé , Mina Bjelogrlic , Gianmarco Mengaldo , Christian Lovis