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Structured state space models' (SSMs) development in recent studies, such as Mamba and Mamba2, outperformed and solved the computational inefficiency of transformers and large language models at small to medium scale. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Emadeldeen Hamdan , Hongyi Pan , Ahmet Enis Cetin

The goal of style transfer is, given a content image and a style source, generating a new image preserving the content but with the artistic representation of the style source. Most of the state-of-the-art architectures use transformers or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Filippo Botti , Alex Ergasti , Leonardo Rossi , Tomaso Fontanini , Claudio Ferrari , Massimo Bertozzi , Andrea Prati

In recent years, Transformers have become the de-facto architecture for sequence modeling on text and a variety of multi-dimensional data, such as images and video. However, the use of self-attention layers in a Transformer incurs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Shufan Li , Harkanwar Singh , Aditya Grover

Structured State Space Models (SSMs), which are at the heart of the recently popular Mamba architecture, are powerful tools for sequence modeling. However, their theoretical foundation relies on a complex, multi-stage process of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Sutashu Tomonaga , Kenji Doya , Noboru Murata

State-space model releases are typically coupled to fused CUDA and Triton kernels, inheriting a hard dependency on NVIDIA hardware. We show that Mamba-2's state space duality algorithm -- diagonal state structure, chunkable recurrence, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Cosmo Santoni

We investigate whether hidden states from Structured State Space Models (SSMs) can be merged post hoc to support downstream reasoning. Inspired by model souping, we study document souping, a strategy where documents are encoded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yasaman Jafari , Zixian Wang , Leon Bergen , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Selective state-space models (SSMs) like Mamba overcome some of the shortcomings of Transformers, such as quadratic computational complexity with sequence length and large inference-time memory requirements from the key-value cache.…

Scaling inference-time compute has emerged as an important driver of LLM performance, making inference efficiency a central focus of model design alongside model quality. While the current Transformer-based models deliver strong model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aakash Lahoti , Kevin Y. Li , Berlin Chen , Caitlin Wang , Aviv Bick , J. Zico Kolter , Tri Dao , Albert Gu

The Mamba layer offers an efficient selective state space model (SSM) that is highly effective in modeling multiple domains, including NLP, long-range sequence processing, and computer vision. Selective SSMs are viewed as dual models, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Ameen Ali , Itamar Zimerman , Lior Wolf

State Space Models (SSMs) like Mamba2 are a promising alternative to Transformers, with faster theoretical training and inference times -- especially for long context lengths. Recent work on Matryoshka Representation Learning -- and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Abhinav Shukla , Sai Vemprala , Aditya Kusupati , Ashish Kapoor

State-space models (SSMs), such as Mamba (Gu & Dao, 2023), have been proposed as alternatives to Transformer networks in language modeling, by incorporating gating, convolutions, and input-dependent token selection to mitigate the quadratic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Jongho Park , Jaeseung Park , Zheyang Xiong , Nayoung Lee , Jaewoong Cho , Samet Oymak , Kangwook Lee , Dimitris Papailiopoulos

Physics-informed machine learning (PIML) has emerged as a promising alternative to classical methods for predicting dynamical systems, offering faster and more generalizable solutions. However, existing models, including recurrent neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zheyuan Hu , Nazanin Ahmadi Daryakenari , Qianli Shen , Kenji Kawaguchi , George Em Karniadakis

Place recognition is the foundation for enabling autonomous systems to achieve independent decision-making and safe operations. It is also crucial in tasks such as loop closure detection and global localization within SLAM. Previous methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Qiuchi Xiang , Jintao Cheng , Jiehao Luo , Jin Wu , Rui Fan , Xieyuanli Chen , Xiaoyu Tang

Selective state-space models (SSMs) are an emerging alternative to the Transformer, offering the unique advantage of parallel training and sequential inference. Although these models have shown promising performance on a variety of tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Aleksandar Terzić , Michael Hersche , Giacomo Camposampiero , Thomas Hofmann , Abu Sebastian , Abbas Rahimi

Recent advances in sequence modeling have introduced selective SSMs as promising alternatives to Transformer architectures, offering theoretical computational efficiency and sequence processing advantages. A comprehensive understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Abdullah Al Asif , Mobina Kashaniyan , Sixing Yu , Juan Pablo Muñoz , Ali Jannesari

State-space models (SSMs), particularly Mamba, have become powerful architectures for sequence modeling, yet their internal dynamics remain poorly understood compared to attention-based models. We introduce and validate the Influence Score,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mohamed Mabrok , Yalda Zafari

Efficiently modeling large 2D contexts is essential for various fields including Giga-Pixel Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) and remote sensing. Transformer-based models offer high parallelism but face challenges due to their quadratic complexity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jingwei Zhang , Anh Tien Nguyen , Xi Han , Vincent Quoc-Huy Trinh , Hong Qin , Dimitris Samaras , Mahdi S. Hosseini

The quadratic complexity of the attention mechanism in Transformer models has motivated the development of alternative architectures with sub-quadratic scaling, such as state-space models. Among these, Mamba has emerged as a leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Peng Lu , Jerry Huang , Qiuhao Zeng , Xinyu Wang , Boxing Chen , Philippe Langlais , Yufei Cui

State Space Models (SSMs), particularly the Mamba architecture, have recently emerged as powerful alternatives to Transformers for sequence modeling, offering linear computational complexity while achieving competitive performance. Yet,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mohamed A. Mabrok , Yalda Zafari

Achieving effective test-time scaling requires models to engage in In-Context Exploration -- the intrinsic ability to generate, verify, and refine multiple reasoning hypotheses within a single continuous context. Grounded in State Coverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Futing Wang , Jianhao Yan , Yun Luo , Ganqu Cui , Zhi Wang , Xiaoye Qu , Yue Zhang , Yu Cheng , Tao Lin