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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models align vision and language with embodied control, but their object referring ability remains limited when relying solely on text prompt, especially in cluttered or out-of-distribution (OOD) scenes. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hang Yu , Juntu Zhao , Yufeng Liu , Kaiyu Li , Cheng Ma , Di Zhang , Yingdong Hu , Guang Chen , Junyuan Xie , Junliang Guo , Junqiao Zhao , Yang Gao

Vision-language models (VLMs) pretrained on large-scale multimodal datasets encode rich visual and linguistic knowledge, making them a strong foundation for robotics. Rather than training robotic policies from scratch, recent approaches…

Cooperatively avoiding collision is a critical functionality for robots navigating in dense human crowds, failure of which could lead to either overaggressive or overcautious behavior. A necessary condition for cooperative collision…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Muchen Sun , Francesca Baldini , Peter Trautman , Todd Murphey

Modelling pedestrian-driver interactions is critical for understanding human road user behaviour and developing safe autonomous vehicle systems. Existing approaches often rely on rule-based logic, game-theoretic models, or 'black-box'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yueyang Wang , Mehmet Dogar , Gustav Markkula

In crowded environments, individuals must navigate around other occupants to reach their destinations. Understanding and controlling traffic flows in these spaces is relevant for coordinating robot swarms and designing infrastructure for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Lucy Liu , Justin Werfel , Federico Toschi , L. Mahadevan

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have demonstrated exceptional performance in natural language-driven perception and control. However, the high computational cost of VLA models poses significant efficiency challenges, particularly for…

An elusive goal in navigation research is to build an intelligent agent that can understand multimodal instructions including natural language and image, and perform useful navigation. To achieve this, we study a widely useful category of…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have advanced the field of embodied manipulation by harnessing broad world knowledge and strong generalization. However, current VLA models still face several key challenges, including limited reasoning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wenhao Li , Xiu Su , Dan Niu , Yichao Cao , Hongyan Xu , Zhe Qu , Lei Fan , Shan You , Chang Xu

The rapid progress of multimodal large language models (MLLM) has paved the way for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) paradigms, which integrate visual perception, natural language understanding, and control within a single policy. Researchers…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, existing reasoning mechanisms still struggle to provide planning-oriented intermediate representations: textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Minqing Huang , Yujiao Xiang , Zihan Liang , Jiajie Huang , Jingqi Wang , Zhi Xu , Feiyang Tan , Hangning Zhou , Mu Yang , Gong Che

Many robotic manipulation tasks require sensing and responding to force signals such as torque to assess whether the task has been successfully completed and to enable closed-loop control. However, current Vision-Language-Action (VLA)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Zongzheng Zhang , Haobo Xu , Zhuo Yang , Chenghao Yue , Zehao Lin , Huan-ang Gao , Ziwei Wang , Hao Zhao

Reasoning Vision Language Action (VLA) models improve robotic instruction-following by generating step-by-step textual plans before low-level actions, an approach inspired by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in language models. Yet even…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yilin Wu , Anqi Li , Tucker Hermans , Fabio Ramos , Andrea Bajcsy , Claudia Pérez-D'Arpino

Vision-language models (VLMs) have tremendous potential for grounding language, and thus enabling language-conditioned agents (LCAs) to perform diverse tasks specified with text. This has motivated the study of LCAs based on reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Theo Cachet , Christopher R. Dance , Olivier Sigaud

The important manifestation of robot intelligence is the ability to naturally interact and autonomously make decisions. Traditional approaches to robot control often compartmentalize perception, planning, and decision-making, simplifying…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Pengxiang Ding , Han Zhao , Wenjie Zhang , Wenxuan Song , Min Zhang , Siteng Huang , Ningxi Yang , Donglin Wang

The task of conducting visually grounded dialog involves learning goal-oriented cooperative dialog between autonomous agents who exchange information about a scene through several rounds of questions and answers in natural language. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Akshat Agarwal , Swaminathan Gurumurthy , Vasu Sharma , Mike Lewis , Katia Sycara

Simulations are gaining increasingly significance in the field of autonomous driving due to the demand for rapid prototyping and extensive testing. Employing physics-based simulation brings several benefits at an affordable cost, while…

A fundamental challenge in autonomous driving is the integration of high-level, semantic reasoning for long-tail events with low-level, reactive control for robust driving. While large vision-language models (VLMs) trained on web-scale data…

VLN-CE is a recently released embodied task, where AI agents need to navigate a freely traversable environment to reach a distant target location, given language instructions. It poses great challenges due to the huge space of possible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Hanqing Wang , Wei Liang , Luc Van Gool , Wenguan Wang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as generalist robotic controllers capable of mapping visual observations and natural language instructions to continuous action sequences. However, VLAs provide no calibrated measure of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingling Chen , Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

Vision Language Models (VLMs) excel at visual question answering (VQA) but remain limited to snapshot vision, reasoning from static images. In contrast, embodied agents require ambulatory vision, actively moving to obtain more informative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Juil Koo , Daehyeon Choi , Sangwoo Youn , Phillip Y. Lee , Minhyuk Sung
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