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The application of principles of Quantum Mechanics in areas outside of physics has been getting increasing attention in the scientific community in an emergent discipline called Quantum Cognition. These principles have been applied to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-20 Catarina Moreira , Andreas Wichert

When a cognitive system modifies its own functioning, what exactly does it modify: a low-level rule, a control rule, or the norm that evaluates its own revisions? Cognitive science describes executive control, metacognition, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Florentin Koch

Contextuality is a central feature of quantum theory, traditionally understood as the impossibility of reproducing quantum measurement statistics using noncontextual ontological models. We study classical ontological descriptions in which a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Song-Ju Kim

We characterize the class of quantum measurements that matches the applications of quantum theory to cognition (and decision making) - quantum-like modeling. Projective measurements describe the canonical measurements of the basic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Miho Fuyama , Andrei Khrennikov , Masanao Ozawa

Higher-order information theory has become a rapidly growing toolkit in computational neuroscience, motivated by the idea that multivariate dependencies can reveal aspects of neural computation and communication that are invisible to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-03 D. Rebbin , K. J. A. Down , T. F. Varley , R. Ince , A. Canales-Johnson

We consider sequential treatment regimes where each unit is exposed to combinations of interventions over time. When interventions are described by qualitative labels, such as "close schools for a month due to a pandemic" or "promote this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-31 Jialin Yu , Andreas Koukorinis , Nicolò Colombo , Yuchen Zhu , Ricardo Silva

I will show how an objective definition of the concept of information and the consideration of recent results about information-processing in the human brain help clarify some fundamental and often counter-intuitive aspects of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-23 Juan G. Roederer

Methods for sequential decision-making are often built upon a foundational assumption that the underlying decision process is stationary. This limits the application of such methods because real-world problems are often subject to changes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Yash Chandak , Shiv Shankar , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Bruno Castro da Silva , Emma Brunskil , Philip S. Thomas

The idea that events obey a definite causal order is deeply rooted in our understanding of the world and at the basis of the very notion of time. But where does causal order come from, and is it a necessary property of nature? We address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-15 Ognyan Oreshkov , Fabio Costa , Caslav Brukner

Non-Markovian quantum processes exhibit different memory effects when measured in different ways; an unambiguous characterization of memory length requires accounting for the sequence of instruments applied to probe the system dynamics.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-11 Philip Taranto , Simon Milz , Felix A. Pollock , Kavan Modi

In quantum mechanics events can happen in no definite causal order: in practice this can be verified by measuring a causal witness, in the same way that an entanglement witness verifies entanglement. Indefinite causal order can be observed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-05 K. Goswami , C. Giarmatzi , M. Kewming , F. Costa , C. Branciard , J. Romero , A. G. White

The origin of non-classical correlations is difficult to identify since the uncertainty principle requires that information obtained about one observable invariably results in the disturbance of any other non-commuting observable. Here,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-01 Holger F. Hofmann

Stochastic resetting describes dynamics which are reinitialized to a reference state at random times. These protocols are attracting significant interest: they can stabilize nonequilibrium stationary states, generate correlations in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Federico Carollo , Sascha Wald

Understanding the sequence of cognitive operations that underlie decision-making is a fundamental challenge in cognitive neuroscience. Traditional approaches often rely on group-level statistics, which obscure trial-by-trial variations in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-15 Rick den Otter , Gabriel Weindel , Sjoerd Stuit , Leendert van Maanen

Latent or continuous chain-of-thought methods replace explicit textual rationales with a number of internal latent steps, but these intermediate computations are difficult to evaluate beyond correlation-based probes. In this paper, we view…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zirui Li , Xuefeng Bai , Kehai Chen , Yizhi Li , Jian Yang , Chenghua Lin , Min Zhang

I start from the fundamental principles of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, without probability, and interpret them using the notion of coexistence: a quantum state can be read, not uniquely, as a coexistence of other quantum states,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-23 Éric Merle

Quantum supermaps are transformations that map quantum operations to quantum operations. It is known that quantum supermaps which respect a definite, predefined causal order between their input operations correspond to fixed-order quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-21 Julian Wechs , Hippolyte Dourdent , Alastair A. Abbott , Cyril Branciard

This contribution shortly outlines and reviews a theoretical and computational approach for a theory of change concerning systems where it is not possible to apply the laws of motion ab initio. The concept of meta-structure relates to the…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2013-10-02 Gianfranco Minati , Ignazio Licata , Eliano Pessa

Social order cannot be considered as a stable phenomenon because it contains an order of reproduced expectations. When the expectations operate upon one another, they generate a non-linear dynamics that processes meaning. Specific meaning…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-06 Loet Leydesdorff

Metastable brain dynamics are characterized by abrupt, jump-like modulations so that the neural activity in single trials appears to unfold as a sequence of discrete, quasi-stationary states. Evidence that cortical neural activity unfolds…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-20 Giancarlo La Camera , Alfredo Fontanini , Luca Mazzucato