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While Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) are theoretically well-suited for iterative refinement due to their non-causal structure, they often fail to reliably revise incorrect tokens in practice. The key challenge lies in the model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shuibai Zhang , Fred Zhangzhi Peng , Yiheng Zhang , Jin Pan , Grigorios G. Chrysos

This work introduces RARE (Retrieval-Augmented Reasoning Enhancement), a versatile extension to the mutual reasoning framework (rStar), aimed at enhancing reasoning accuracy and factual integrity across large language models (LLMs) for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hieu Tran , Zonghai Yao , Junda Wang , Yifan Zhang , Zhichao Yang , Hong Yu

Building scalable and reusable multi-agent decision policies from offline datasets remains a challenge in offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), as existing methods often rely on fixed observation formats and action spaces that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhuohui Zhang , Bin Cheng , Bin He

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various natural language processing tasks, but leveraging them for dense passage embedding remains challenging. This is due to their causal attention mechanism and the misalignment between their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Hieu Man , Nghia Trung Ngo , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

Reinforcement learning (RL) based post-training for large language models (LLMs) is computationally expensive, as it generates many rollout sequences that could frequently share long token prefixes. Existing RL frameworks usually process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiarui Zhang , Yuchen Yang , Ran Yan , Zhiyu Mei , Liyuan Zhang , Daifeng Li , Wei Fu , Jiaxuan Gao , Shusheng Xu , Yi Wu , Binhang Yuan

Diffusion language models promise parallel generation, yet still lag behind autoregressive (AR) models in quality. We stem this gap to a failure of introspective consistency: AR models agree with their own generations, while DLMs often do…

LLMs have become the mainstream approaches to code generation. Existing LLMs mainly employ autoregressive generation, i.e. generating code token-by-token from left to right. However, the underlying autoregressive generation has two…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chengze Li , Yitong Zhang , Jia Li , Liyi Cai , Ge Li

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) are often advertised as enabling parallel token generation, yet practical fast DLMs frequently converge to left-to-right, autoregressive (AR)-like decoding dynamics. In contrast, genuinely non-AR generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Pengxiang Li , Dilxat Muhtar , Tianlong Chen , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across various tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to generating toxic content, necessitating detoxification strategies to ensure safe and responsible deployment. Test-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yisong Xiao , Aishan Liu , Siyuan Liang , Zonghao Ying , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Dialogue relation extraction (DRE) aims to extract relations between two arguments within a dialogue, which is more challenging than standard RE due to the higher person pronoun frequency and lower information density in dialogues. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Guozheng Li , Zijie Xu , Ziyu Shang , Jiajun Liu , Ke Ji , Yikai Guo

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have exhibited substantial potential for parallel text generation, which may enable more efficient generation compared to autoregressive models. However, current dLLMs suffer from fixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yicun Yang , Cong Wang , Shaobo Wang , Zichen Wen , Biqing Qi , Hanlin Xu , Linfeng Zhang

Diffusion-based decoding has recently emerged as an appealing alternative to autoregressive (AR) generation, offering the potential to update multiple tokens in parallel and reduce latency. However, diffusion vision language models (dVLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Lunbin Zeng , Jingfeng Yao , Bencheng Liao , Hongyuan Tao , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) or multimodal large language models represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, enabling systems to understand and generate content across both visual and textual modalities. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Janis Dalins

Diffusion language models (dLLMs) recently emerged as a promising alternative to auto-regressive LLMs. The latest works further extended it to multimodal understanding and generation tasks. In this work, we propose LaViDa-R1, a multimodal,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shufan Li , Yuchen Zhu , Jiuxiang Gu , Kangning Liu , Zhe Lin , Yongxin Chen , Molei Tao , Aditya Grover , Jason Kuen

The rapid evolution of Embodied AI has enabled Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models to excel in multimodal perception and task execution. However, applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to these massive models in large-scale distributed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yucheng Guo , Yongjian Guo , Zhong Guan , Wen Huang , Haoran Sun , Haodong Yue , Xiaolong Xiang , Shuai Di , Zhen Sun , Luqiao Wang , Junwu Xiong , Yicheng Gong

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) have emerged as a new paradigm of language modeling beyond autoregressive next-token prediction. Taking advantage of their inherent modeling foundations, DLLMs have the great potential of efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Shutong Wu , Jiawei Zhang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved their performance across various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with generating non-factual responses due to limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Taeho Hwang , Soyeong Jeong , Sukmin Cho , SeungYoon Han , Jong C. Park

Retrieval-augmented large language models (R-LLMs) combine pre-trained large language models (LLMs) with information retrieval systems to improve the accuracy of factual question-answering. However, current libraries for building R-LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yasuto Hoshi , Daisuke Miyashita , Youyang Ng , Kento Tatsuno , Yasuhiro Morioka , Osamu Torii , Jun Deguchi

The rapid advancement of Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) introduces unprecedented vulnerabilities that are fundamentally distinct from Autoregressive LLMs, stemming from their iterative and parallel generation mechanisms. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zherui Li , Zheng Nie , Zhenhong Zhou , Yue Liu , Yitong Zhang , Yu Cheng , Qingsong Wen , Kun Wang , Yufei Guo , Jiaheng Zhang

Under strictly controlled pre-training settings, we observe a Crossover: when unique data is limited, diffusion language models (DLMs) consistently surpass autoregressive (AR) models by training for more epochs. The crossover shifts later…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Jinjie Ni , Qian Liu , Longxu Dou , Chao Du , Zili Wang , Hang Yan , Tianyu Pang , Michael Qizhe Shieh
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