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Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs, leveraging denoising-based generation to enable inherent parallelism. Even more and more open-sourced dLLM models emerge, yet…

Denoising language models (DLMs) have been proposed as a powerful alternative to traditional language models (LMs) for automatic speech recognition (ASR), motivated by their ability to use bidirectional context and adapt to a specific ASR…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Dorian Koch , Albert Zeyer , Nick Rossenbach , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) models, offering advantages such as accelerated parallel decoding and bidirectional context modeling. However, the vanilla…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Runchu Tian , Junxia Cui , Xueqiang Xu , Feng Yao , Jingbo Shang

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as competitive alternatives to autoregressive (AR) language models, yet differences in their activation dynamics remain poorly understood. We characterize these dynamics in LLaDA-8B and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alexander Conzelmann , Albert Catalan-Tatjer , Shiwei Liu

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as a compelling alternative to autoregressive generation, offering parallel generation and improved global coherence. During inference, DLMs generate text by iteratively denoising…

Large language models have achieved remarkable success under the autoregressive paradigm, yet high-quality text generation need not be tied to a fixed left-to-right order. Existing alternatives still struggle to jointly achieve generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hongcan Guo , Qinyu Zhao , Yian Zhao , Shen Nie , Rui Zhu , Qiushan Guo , Feng Wang , Tao Yang , Hengshuang Zhao , Guoqiang Wei , Yan Zeng

Diffusion-based language models (DLLMs) offer non-sequential, block-wise generation and richer data reuse compared to autoregressive (AR) models, but existing code DLLMs still lag behind strong AR baselines under comparable budgets. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Chenghao Fan , Wen Heng , Bo Li , Sichen Liu , Yuxuan Song , Jing Su , Xiaoye Qu , Kai Shen , Wei Wei

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet aligning them efficiently and effectively with human expectations remains a critical challenge. This thesis advances LLM alignment by introducing novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuxin Jiang

Collaborative edge computing uses edge nodes in different locations to execute tasks, necessitating dynamic task offloading decisions to maintain low latency and high reliability, especially under unpredictable node failures. Although deep…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hao Guo , Kaixiang Xv , Ziwu Ge , Lei Yang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a critical paradigm for LLM post-training, yet the rollout phase -- accounting for 50--80% of total step time -- is bottlenecked by skewed generation: long-tailed trajectories indispensable for model…

Vision Language Models (VLMs) extend remarkable capabilities of text-only large language models and vision-only models, and are able to learn from and process multi-modal vision-text input. While modern VLMs perform well on a number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hannah Sterz , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić

Recently, Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have demonstrated unique efficiency advantages, enabled by their inherently parallel decoding mechanism and flexible generation paradigm. Meanwhile, despite the rapid advancement of Search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiahao Zhao , Shaoxuan Xu , Zhongxiang Sun , Fengqi Zhu , Jingyang Ou , Yuling Shi , Chongxuan Li , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu

Continual learning has gained increasing importance as it facilitates the acquisition and refinement of scalable knowledge and skills in language models. However, existing methods typically encounter strict limitations and challenges in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Bohao Peng , Zhuotao Tian , Shu Liu , Mingchang Yang , Jiaya Jia

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) are rapidly emerging alongside autoregressive models as a powerful paradigm for complex reasoning, with reinforcement learning increasingly used for downstream alignment. Existing trajectory-based RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ranfei Chen , Ming Chen , Kaifei Wang

Efficiency, as a critical practical challenge for LLM-driven agentic and reasoning systems, is increasingly constrained by the inherent latency of autoregressive (AR) decoding. Speculative decoding mitigates this cost through a draft-verify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Zicong Cheng , Guo-Wei Yang , Jia Li , Zhijie Deng , Meng-Hao Guo , Shi-Min Hu

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks. However, the potential of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which shows great successes for enhancing large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Chuanyue Yu , Jiahui Wang , Yuhan Li , Heng Chang , Ge Lan , Qingyun Sun , Jia Li , Jianxin Li , Ziwei Zhang

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) enable breakthroughs in reasoning and parallel decoding but suffer from prohibitive quadratic computational complexity and memory overhead during inference. Current caching techniques accelerate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Yuerong Song , Xiaoran Liu , Ruixiao Li , Zhigeng Liu , Zengfeng Huang , Qipeng Guo , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu

Tool-augmented large language models (LLMs) are attracting widespread attention when accessing up-to-date knowledge and alleviating hallucination issues. Nowadays, advanced closed-source LLMs (e.g., ChatGPT) have demonstrated surprising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Anchun Gui , Jian Li , Yong Dai , Nan Du , Han Xiao

Continuous diffusion has been the foundation of high-fidelity, controllable, and few-step generation of many data modalities such as images. However, in language modeling, prior continuous diffusion language models (DLMs) lag behind…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yuxin Chen , Chumeng Liang , Hangke Sui , Ruihan Guo , Chaoran Cheng , Jiaxuan You , Ge Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been effective for post-training autoregressive (AR) language models, but extending these methods to diffusion language models (DLMs) is challenging due to intractable sequence-level likelihoods. Existing…