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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in cross-cultural systems to understand and adapt to human emotions, which are shaped by cultural norms of expression and interpretation. However, prior work on emotion attribution has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Aizirek Turdubaeva , Uichin Lee

The increasing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as proxies for human participants in social science research presents a promising, yet methodologically risky, paradigm shift. While LLMs offer scalability and cost-efficiency, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Simon Münker , Nils Schwager , Kai Kugler , Michael Heseltine , Achim Rettinger

Despite the many use cases for large language models (LLMs) in creating personalized chatbots, there has been limited research on evaluating the extent to which the behaviors of personalized LLMs accurately and consistently reflect specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Hang Jiang , Xiajie Zhang , Xubo Cao , Cynthia Breazeal , Deb Roy , Jad Kabbara

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on extensive textual corpora have emerged as leading solutions for a broad array of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Despite their notable performance, these models are prone to certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Yufei Wang , Wanjun Zhong , Liangyou Li , Fei Mi , Xingshan Zeng , Wenyong Huang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in culturally sensitive real-world tasks. However, existing cultural alignment approaches fail to align LLMs' broad cultural values with the specific goals of downstream tasks and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Binchi Zhang , Xujiang Zhao , Jundong Li , Haifeng Chen , Zhengzhang Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in applications with societal impact, raising concerns about the cultural biases they encode. We probe these representations by evaluating whether LLMs can perform author profiling from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Valentin Lafargue , Ariel Guerra-Adames , Emmanuelle Claeys , Elouan Vuichard , Jean-Michel Loubes

Culture is the bedrock of human interaction; it dictates how we perceive and respond to everyday interactions. As the field of human-computer interaction grows via the rise of generative Large Language Models (LLMs), the cultural alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 James Luther , Donald Brown

As general-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly integrated with diverse human communities, cultural alignment has emerged as a crucial element in their deployment. Most existing approaches treat cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Michal Bravansky , Filip Trhlik , Fazl Barez

As the deployment of large language models (LLMs) expands, there is an increasing demand for personalized LLMs. One method to personalize and guide the outputs of these models is by assigning a persona -- a role that describes the expected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Mahammed Kamruzzaman , Hieu Nguyen , Nazmul Hassan , Gene Louis Kim

Existing Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) generally focus on only a few regions and languages. As LMMs continue to improve, it is increasingly important to ensure they understand cultural contexts, respect local sensitivities, and support…

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) and their capacity to simulate human cognition and behavior has given rise to LLM-based frameworks and tools that are evaluated and applied based on their ability to perform tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jing Yi Wang , Nicholas Sukiennik , Tong Li , Weikang Su , Qianyue Hao , Jingbo Xu , Zihan Huang , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

The escalating global mental health crisis, marked by persistent treatment gaps, availability, and a shortage of qualified therapists, positions Large Language Models (LLMs) as a promising avenue for scalable support. While LLMs offer…

To be effectively and safely deployed to global user populations, large language models (LLMs) may need to adapt outputs to user values and cultures, not just know about them. We introduce NormAd, an evaluation framework to assess LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Abhinav Rao , Akhila Yerukola , Vishwa Shah , Katharina Reinecke , Maarten Sap

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have shown remarkable abilities in producing human-like text. However, it is unclear how accurately these models internalize concepts that shape human thought and behavior. Here, we developed a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hiro Taiyo Hamada , Ippei Fujisawa , Genji Kawakita , Yuki Yamada

The increasing ubiquity of text-to-image (T2I) models as tools for visual content generation raises concerns about their ability to accurately represent diverse cultural contexts -- where missed cues can stereotype communities and undermine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shravan Nayak , Mehar Bhatia , Xiaofeng Zhang , Verena Rieser , Lisa Anne Hendricks , Sjoerd van Steenkiste , Yash Goyal , Karolina Stańczak , Aishwarya Agrawal

Much work on the cultural awareness of large language models (LLMs) focuses on the models' sensitivity to geo-cultural diversity. However, in addition to cross-cultural differences, there also exists common ground across cultures. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Jialin Li , Junli Wang , Junjie Hu , Ming Jiang

Creating human-like large language model (LLM) agents is crucial for faithful social simulation. Having LLMs role-play based on demographic information sometimes improves human likeness but often does not. This study assessed whether LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yun-Shiuan Chuang , Krirk Nirunwiroj , Zach Studdiford , Agam Goyal , Vincent V. Frigo , Sijia Yang , Dhavan Shah , Junjie Hu , Timothy T. Rogers

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as potent tools for advancing the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the attitudinal disparities between LLMs and humans towards these goals can pose significant…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Qingyang Wu , Ying Xu , Tingsong Xiao , Yunze Xiao , Yitong Li , Tianyang Wang , Yichi Zhang , Shanghai Zhong , Yuwei Zhang , Wei Lu , Yifan Yang

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to users around the world, they are integrated into everyday tasks across diverse cultural contexts, from drafting personal communications to brainstorming creative ideas. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jiho Jin , Junho Myung , Juhyun Oh , Junyeong Park , Rifki Afina Putri , Sunipa Dev , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Alice Oh

Cultural Intelligence (CQ) refers to the ability to understand unfamiliar cultural contexts, a crucial skill for large language models (LLMs) to effectively engage with globally diverse users. Existing studies often focus on explicitly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Ziyi Liu , Priyanka Dey , Jen-tse Huang , Zhenyu Zhao , Bowen Jiang , Rahul Gupta , Yang Liu , Yao Du , Jieyu Zhao