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Complex reasoning over tabular data is crucial in real-world data analysis, yet large language models (LLMs) often underperform due to complex queries, noisy data, and limited numerical capabilities. To address these issues, we propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Changjiang Jiang , Fengchang Yu , Haihua Chen , Wei Lu , Jin Zeng

Modern language agents must operate over long-horizon, multi-turn interactions, where they retrieve external information, adapt to observations, and answer interdependent queries. Yet, most LLM systems rely on full-context prompting,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Zijian Zhou , Ao Qu , Zhaoxuan Wu , Sunghwan Kim , Alok Prakash , Daniela Rus , Jinhua Zhao , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Paul Pu Liang

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) for chain-of-thought reasoning presents a significant challenge: supervised fine-tuning on a single "golden" rationale hurts generalization as it penalizes equally valid alternatives, whereas…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Mingye Zhu , Yi Liu , Zheren Fu , Quan Wang , Yongdong Zhang

The Visual Question Answering (VQA) task requires the simultaneous understanding of image content and question semantics. However, existing methods often have difficulty handling complex reasoning scenarios due to insufficient cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Weikai Sun , Shijie Song , Han Wang

We introduce CausalVQA, a benchmark dataset for video question answering (VQA) composed of question-answer pairs that probe models' understanding of causality in the physical world. Existing VQA benchmarks either tend to focus on surface…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Aaron Foss , Chloe Evans , Sasha Mitts , Koustuv Sinha , Ammar Rizvi , Justine T. Kao

Evaluating the reasoning ability of language models (LMs) is complicated by their extensive parametric world knowledge, where benchmark performance often reflects factual recall rather than genuine reasoning. Existing datasets and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Ken Gu , Advait Bhat , Mike A Merrill , Robert West , Xin Liu , Daniel McDuff , Tim Althoff

The temporal aspect is a significant dimension of our reality. We notice the challenge that large language models (LLMs) face when engaging in temporal reasoning. Our preliminary experiments show that methods involving the generation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xingxuan Li , Liying Cheng , Qingyu Tan , Hwee Tou Ng , Shafiq Joty , Lidong Bing

Time-Sensitive Question Answering (TSQA) demands the effective utilization of specific temporal contexts, encompassing multiple time-evolving facts, to address time-sensitive questions. This necessitates not only the parsing of temporal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Wanqi Yang , Yanda Li , Meng Fang , Ling Chen

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has exhibited impressive performance in language models for solving complex tasks and answering questions. However, many real-world questions require multi-modal information, such as text and images.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Liqi He , Zuchao Li , Xiantao Cai , Ping Wang

Recent large language models (LLMs) have advanced table understanding capabilities but rely on converting tables into text sequences. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable direct visual processing, they face limitations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Bohao Yang , Yingji Zhang , Dong Liu , André Freitas , Chenghua Lin

Reasoning has substantially improved the performance of large language models (LLMs) on complicated tasks. Central to the current reasoning studies, Process Reward Models (PRMs) offer a fine-grained evaluation of intermediate reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Qi Cao , Ruiyi Wang , Ruiyi Zhang , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Pengtao Xie

Mathematical reasoning in real-world video settings presents a fundamentally different challenge than in static images or text. It requires interpreting fine-grained visual information, accurately reading handwritten or digital text, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Hanoona Rasheed , Abdelrahman Shaker , Anqi Tang , Muhammad Maaz , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in perception and reasoning. However, the ability to perform causal inference -- a core aspect of human cognition -- remains underexplored,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Keummin Ka , Junhyeong Park , Jaehyun Jeon , Youngjae Yu

Multi-hop knowledge based question answering (KBQA) is a complex task for natural language understanding. Many KBQA approaches have been proposed in recent years, and most of them are trained based on labeled reasoning path. This hinders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Kechen Qin , Yu Wang , Cheng Li , Kalpa Gunaratna , Hongxia Jin , Virgil Pavlu , Javed A. Aslam

The question answering system can answer questions from various fields and forms with deep neural networks, but it still lacks effective ways when facing multiple evidences. We introduce a new model called SRQA, which means Synthetic Reader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Jiuniu Wang , Wenjia Xu , Xingyu Fu , Yang Wei , Li Jin , Ziyan Chen , Guangluan Xu , Yirong Wu

Typeclasses provide an elegant and effective way of managing ad-hoc polymorphism in both programming languages and interactive proof assistants. However, the increasingly sophisticated uses of typeclasses within proof assistants, especially…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Daniel Selsam , Sebastian Ullrich , Leonardo de Moura

Vision-language models benefit from high-resolution images, but the increase in visual-token count incurs high compute overhead. Humans resolve this tension via foveation: a coarse view guides "where to look", while selectively acquired…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Juhong Min , Lazar Valkov , Vitali Petsiuk , Hossein Souri , Deen Dayal Mohan

Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances logical performance by decomposing complex tasks, yet its multimodal extension faces a trade-off. The prevailing Thinking with Images paradigm achieves visual refocusing by explicitly cropping image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jizheng Ma , Xiaofei Zhou , Geyuan Zhang , Yanlong Song , Han Yan

Process reward models (PRMs) enhance complex reasoning in large language models (LLMs) by evaluating candidate solutions step-by-step and selecting answers based on aggregated step scores. While effective in domains such as mathematics,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Lei Tang , Wei Zhou , Mohsen Mesgar

Multi-turn tool-integrated reasoning enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks through iterative information retrieval. However, current reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks for search-augmented reasoning predominantly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shichao Ma , Zhiyuan Ma , Ming Yang , Xiaofan Li , Xing Wu , Jintao Du , Yu Cheng , Weiqiang Wang , Qiliang Liu , Zhengyang Zhou , Yang Wang