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Understanding how droughts may change in the future is essential for anticipating and mitigating their adverse impacts. However, robust climate projections require large amounts of high-resolution climate simulations, particularly for…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Hamish Lewis , Neelesh Rampal , Peter B. Gibson , Luke J. Harrington , Chiara M. Holgate , Anna Ukkola , Nicola M. Maher

Global climate models (GCMs), typically run at ~100-km resolution, capture large-scale environmental conditions but cannot resolve convection and cloud processes at kilometer scales. Convection-permitting models offer higher-resolution…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Hungjui Yu , Lander Ver Hoef , Kristen L. Rasmussen , Imme Ebert-Uphoff

Climate change is intensifying rainfall extremes, making high-resolution precipitation projections crucial for society to better prepare for impacts such as flooding. However, current Global Climate Models (GCMs) operate at spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Ran Lyu , Linhan Wang , Yanshen Sun , Hedanqiu Bai , Chang-Tien Lu

Dynamical downscaling is crucial for deriving high-resolution meteorological fields from coarse-scale simulations, enabling detailed analysis for critical applications such as weather forecasting and renewable energy modeling. Generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Alessandro Brusaferri , Andrea Ballarino

Climate change exacerbates extreme weather events like heavy rainfall and flooding. As these events cause severe socioeconomic damage, accurate high-resolution simulation of precipitation is imperative. However, existing Earth System Models…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-02-03 Michael Aich , Philipp Hess , Baoxiang Pan , Sebastian Bathiany , Yu Huang , Niklas Boers

Downscaling, or super-resolution, provides decision-makers with detailed, high-resolution information about the potential risks and impacts of climate change, based on climate model output. Machine learning algorithms are proving themselves…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Robbie A. Watt , Laura A. Mansfield

Modeling the risk of extreme weather events in a changing climate is essential for developing effective adaptation and mitigation strategies. Although the available low-resolution climate models capture different scenarios, accurate risk…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-12-06 Anamitra Saha , Sai Ravela

Deep learning offers promising capabilities for the statistical downscaling of climate and weather forecasts, with generative approaches showing particular success in capturing fine-scale precipitation patterns. However, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Paula Harder , Christian Lessig , Matthew Chantry , Francis Pelletier , David Rolnick

Downscaling techniques are one of the most prominent applications of Deep Learning (DL) in Earth System Modeling. A robust DL downscaling model can generate high-resolution fields from coarse-scale numerical model simulations, saving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Elena Tomasi , Gabriele Franch , Marco Cristoforetti

Super-resolving the coarse outputs of global climate simulations, termed downscaling, is crucial in making political and social decisions on systems requiring long-term climate change projections. Existing fast super-resolution techniques,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Norihiro Oyama , Noriko N. Ishizaki , Satoshi Koide , Hiroaki Yoshida

Global Climate Models (GCMs) are crucial for predicting future climate changes by simulating the Earth systems. However, the GCM Outputs exhibit systematic biases due to model uncertainties, parameterization simplifications, and inadequate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-09 Wentao Gao , Jiuyong Li , Debo Cheng , Lin Liu , Jixue Liu , Thuc Duy Le , Xiaojing Du , Xiongren Chen , Yanchang Zhao , Yun Chen

This paper explores the application of emerging machine learning methods from image super-resolution (SR) to the task of statistical downscaling. We specifically focus on convolutional neural network-based Generative Adversarial Networks…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Nicolaas J. Annau , Alex J. Cannon , Adam H. Monahan

Machine learning (ML) offers a computationally efficient approach for generating large ensembles of high-resolution climate projections, but deterministic ML methods often smooth fine-scale structures and underestimate extremes. While…

The transition to intelligent, low-carbon power systems necessitates advanced optimization strategies for managing renewable energy integration, energy storage, and carbon emissions. Generative Large Models (GLMs) provide a data-driven…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-07 Lu Cheng , Qixiu Zhang , Beibei Xu , Zhiwei Huang , Cirun Zhang , Yanan Lyu , Fan Zhang

Weather extremes are a major societal and economic hazard, claiming thousands of lives and causing billions of dollars in damage every year. Under climate change, their impact and intensity are expected to worsen significantly.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Antoine Blanchard , Nishant Parashar , Boyko Dodov , Christian Lessig , Themistoklis Sapsis

Climate downscaling is a crucial technique within climate research, serving to project low-resolution (LR) climate data to higher resolutions (HR). Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of deep learning for downscaling tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Naufal Shidqi , Chaeyoon Jeong , Sungwon Park , Elke Zeller , Arjun Babu Nellikkattil , Karandeep Singh

General circulation models (GCMs) are the foundation of weather and climate prediction. GCMs are physics-based simulators which combine a numerical solver for large-scale dynamics with tuned representations for small-scale processes such as…

Wind has the potential to make a significant contribution to future energy resources. Locating the sources of this renewable energy on a global scale is however extremely challenging, given the difficulty to store very large data sets…

Applications · Statistics 2017-10-03 Jaehong Jeong , Stefano Castruccio , Paola Crippa , Marc G. Genton

Addressing complex meteorological processes at a fine spatial resolution requires substantial computational resources. To accelerate meteorological simulations, researchers have utilized neural networks to downscale meteorological variables…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Jing Hu , Honghu Zhang , Peng Zheng , Jialin Mu , Xiaomeng Huang , Xi Wu

For conducting resource adequacy studies, we synthesize multiple long-term wind power scenarios of distributed wind farms simultaneously by using the spatio-temporal features: spatial and temporal correlation, waveforms, marginal and ramp…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Young-ho Cho , Hao Zhu , Duehee Lee , Ross Baldick