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Quantum entanglement is a key resource for quantum computation and quantum communication \cite{Nielsen2010}. Scaling to large quantum communication or computation networks further requires the deterministic generation of multi-qubit…

We propose a general scheme to controllably distribute pairwise entanglement in a quantum network of qubits by exploiting environmental ancilla qubits interacting with the network nodes through tunable Hamiltonians. Our approach leverages…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Mert Doğan , Öner Faruk Ödemiş , Elif Yunt , Özgür E. Müstecaplıoğlu

We study entanglement percolation in qubit-based planar quantum network models of arbitrary topology, where neighboring nodes are initially connected by pure states with quenched disorder in their entanglement. To address this, we develop a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Andrea De Girolamo , Giuseppe Magnifico , Cosmo Lupo

Entanglement-based networks (EBNs) enable general-purpose quantum communication by combining entanglement and its swapping in a sequence that addresses the challenges of achieving long distance communication with high fidelity associated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 David Pérez Castro , Juan Fernández-Herrerín , Ana Fernández-Vilas , Manuel Fernández-Veigaa , Rebeca P. Díaz-Redondo

Entanglement-based quantum networks exhibit a unique flexibility in the choice of entangled resource states that are then locally manipulated by the nodes to fulfill any request in the network. Furthermore, this manipulation is not uniquely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Maria Flors Mor-Ruiz , Julius Wallnöfer , Wolfgang Dür

A key problem in quantum computing is finding a viable technological path toward the creation of a scalable quantum computer. One possible approach toward solving part of this problem is distributed computing, which provides an effective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Anocha Yimsiriwattana , Samuel J. Lomonaco

We present a detailed analysis of the Bell measurement scheme proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 113603 (2015)] based on a logical qubit using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entanglement of photons. The success probability of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-02 Seung-Woo Lee , Kimin Park , Timothy C. Ralph , Hyunseok Jeong

Quantum nonlocality of several four-qubit states is investigated by constructing a new Bell inequality. These include the Greenberger-Zeilinger-Horne (GHZ) state, W state, cluster state, and the state $|\chi>$ that has been recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Chunfeng Wu , Ye Yeo , L. C. Kwek , C. H. Oh

The first characterization of mixed-state entanglement was achieved for two-qubit states in Werner's seminal work [Phys. Rev. A 40, 4277 (1989)]. A physically important extension of this result concerns mixtures of a pure entangled state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Christopher Eltschka , Jens Siewert

We present a way for symmetric multiparty-controlled teleportation of an arbitrary two-particle entangled state based on Bell-basis measurements by using two Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, i.e., a sender transmits an arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Fu-Guo Deng , Chun-Yan Li , Yan-Song Li , Hong-Yu Zhou , Yan Wang

We study a quantum network that distributes entangled quantum states to multiple sets of users that are connected to the network. Each user is connected to a switch of the network via a link. All the links of the network generate bipartite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-03 Thirupathaiah Vasantam , Don Towsley

Two schemes for sharing an arbitrary two-qubit state based on entanglement swapping are proposed with Bell-state measurements and local unitary operations. One is based on the quantum channel with four Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Fu-Guo Deng , Xi-Han Li , Chun-Yan Li , Ping Zhou , Hong-Yu Zhou

Society relies and depends increasingly on information exchange and communication. In the quantum world, security and privacy is a built-in feature for information processing. The essential ingredient for exploiting these quantum advantages…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-27 Michael Epping , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Entanglement, a unique quantum resource with no classical counterpart, remains at the heart of quantum information. The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) and $W$ states are two inequivalent classes of multipartite entangled states which can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-05 Jiahui Chen , Hui Zhou , Changkui Duan , Xinhua Peng

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states and their mixtures exhibit fascinating properties. A complete basis of GHZ-states can be constructed by properly choosing local basis rotations. We demonstrate this experimentally for the Hilbert…

We present a scheme for probabilistic teleportation via a non-maximally entangled GHZ state. Quantum teleportation will succeed with a certain probability if the sender makes a generalized Bell state measurement, the cooperator performs a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-08 Yan Fengli , Yan Tao

Building large-scale quantum computers, essential to demonstrating quantum advantage, is a key challenge. Quantum Networks (QNs) can help address this challenge by enabling the construction of large, robust, and more capable quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Xiaojie Fan , Caitao Zhan , Himanshu Gupta , C. R. Ramakrishnan

Entanglement routing establishes remote entanglement connection between two arbitrary nodes, which is one of the most important functions in quantum networks. The existing routing mechanisms mainly improve the robustness and throughput…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-23 Jian Li , Mingjun Wang , Qidong Jia , Kaiping Xue , Nenghai Yu , Qibin Sun , Jun Lu

Quantum communication networks are emerging as a promising technology that could constitute a key building block in future communication networks in the 6G era and beyond. These networks have an inherent feature of parallelism that allows…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Mahdi Chehimi , Walid Saad

Quantum network is a promising platform for many ground-breaking applications that lie beyond the capability of its classical counterparts. Efficient entanglement generation on quantum networks with relatively limited resources such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Changhao Li , Tianyi Li , Yi-Xiang Liu , Paola Cappellaro