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The increasing sophistication of available quantum networks has seen a corresponding growth in the pursuit of multi-partite cryptographic protocols. Whilst the use of multi-partite entanglement is known to offer an advantage in certain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-30 Janka Memmen , Jens Eisert , Nathan Walk

We demonstrate controlled entanglement routing between bunching and antibunching path-entangled two-photon states in an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (UMZI), in which the routing process is controlled by the relative phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-05 Qiang Zhou , Shuai Dong , Wei Zhang , Lixing You , Yuhao He , Weijun Zhang , Yidong Huang , Jiangde Peng

Quantum repeater networks distribute entanglement over lossy links while many users share a limited pool of entangled pairs. Most existing routing schemes either always use a single best path or rely on global optimizations that are hard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Ankit Mishra , Kang Hao Cheong

In large-scale quantum networks, quantum repeaters provide an efficient method to distribute entangled states among selected nodes for realizing long-distance and complicated quantum communications. However, extending quantum repeater…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Tianen Chen , Yun Shang , Chitong Chen , Heng Fan

Quantum networks rely on the efficient distribution of entanglement to enable long-distance quantum communication and information processing. A key challenge in these networks is the design of routing protocols capable of maintaining high…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Javier Vecino Peñas , Ana Fernández-Vilas , Rebeca P. Díaz-Redondo , Sergio Gándara Gándara , Manuel Fernández-Veiga

As two valuable quantum resources, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement and steering play important roles in quantum-enhanced communication protocols. Distributing such quantum resources among multiple remote users in a network is a crucial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Meihong Wang , Yu Xiang , Haijun Kang , Dongmei Han , Yang Liu , Qiongyi He , Qihuang Gong , Xiaolong Su , Kunchi Peng

In quantum teleportation, an unknown quantum state is transmitted from one party to another using only local operations and classical communication, at the cost of shared entanglement. Is it possible similarly, using an $N$ party entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-04 Todd A. Brun

Despite the fundamental importance of quantum entanglement in many-body systems, our understanding is mostly limited to bipartite situations. Indeed, even defining appropriate notions of multipartite entanglement is a significant challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-15 Sepehr Nezami , Michael Walter

Practical quantum networking architectures are crucial for scaling the connection of quantum resources. Yet quantum network testbeds have thus far underutilized the full capabilities of modern lightwave communications, such as flexible-grid…

The communication cost of simulating probability distributions obtained by measuring quantum states is a natural way to quantify quantum non-locality. While much is known in the case of bipartite entanglement, little has been done in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-16 Gilles Brassard , Marc Kaplan

Mixed states appear naturally in experiment over pure states. So for studying different notions of nonlocality and their relation with entanglement in realistic scenarios, one needs to consider mixed states. In a recent article [Phys. Rev.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-14 Biswajit Paul , Kaushiki Mukherjee , Debasis Sarkar

This work investigates measurement strategies for link parameter estimation in Quantum Network Tomography (QNT), where network links are modeled as depolarizing quantum channels distributing Werner states. Three distinct measurement schemes…

In this paper we propose a technique for distributing entanglement in architectures in which interactions between pairs of qubits are constrained to a fixed network $G$. This allows for two-qubit operations to be performed between qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Niel de Beaudrap , Steven Herbert

Quantum repeater networks are a fundamental of any future quantum Internet and long-distance quantum communications. The entangled quantum nodes can communicate through several different levels of entanglement, leading to a heterogeneous,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-24 Laszlo Gyongyosi , Sandor Imre

We introduce a protocol for quantum secret sharing based on reusable entangled states. The entangled state between the sender and the receiver acts only as a carrier to which data bits are entangled by the sender and disentangled from it by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Saber Bagherinezhad , Vahid Karimipour

The quantum internet aims to interconnect distant devices and enable large-scale computation through distributed quantum algorithms. One of the key obstacles is communication latency during computation. Even separations of a few hundred…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Yerim Kim , Kiwmann Hwang , Hyukjoon Kwon , Yosep Kim

The distribution of entangled states is a core task for quantum networks facilitating quantum communication, and the use of multipartite entangled states comes with its own set of considerations. In this work, we analyze a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Janka Memmen , Julia Kunzelmann , Nathan Walk , Jens Eisert , Julius Wallnöfer

We propose a way for transferring Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled states from $n$ qubits in one cavity onto another $n$ qubits in the other cavity. It is shown that $n$-qubit GHZ states $\alpha \left\vert 00...0\right\rangle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-06 Xiao-Ling He , Chui-Ping Yang

In a recent paper [S. Bagherinezhad and V. Karimipour, Phys. Rev. A 67, 044302 (2003)], a quantum secret sharing protocol based on reusable GHZ states was proposed. However, in this comment, it is shown that this protocol is insecure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jian-Zhong Du , Su-Juan Qin , Qiao-Yan Wen , Fu-Chen Zhu

The entanglement swapping protocol (ESP) is a fundamental primitive for distributing quantum correlations across distant nodes in a quantum network. Recent studies have demonstrated that even when the involved qubit pairs are only partially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Henrique Guerra , Tailan S. Sarubi , Rafael Chaves , Jonas Maziero
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