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This paper investigates how an autonomous agent can transmit information through its motion in an adversarial setting. We consider scenarios where an agent must reach its goal while deceiving an intelligent observer about its destination.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Violetta Rostobaya , James Berneburg , Yue Guan , Michael Dorothy , Daigo Shishika

A growing body of work in game theory extends the traditional Stackelberg game to settings with one leader and multiple followers who play a Nash equilibrium. Standard approaches for computing equilibria in these games reformulate the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Kai Wang , Lily Xu , Andrew Perrault , Michael K. Reiter , Milind Tambe

This paper proposes and studies a class of discrete-time finite-time-horizon Stackelberg mean-field games, with one leader and an infinite number of identical and indistinguishable followers. In this game, the objective of the leader is to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Jiacheng Zhang

In this paper, we consider a discrete-time stochastic Stackelberg game with a single leader and multiple followers. Both the followers and the leader together have conditionally independent private types, conditioned on action and previous…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-21 Deepanshu Vasal

This paper is concerned with a three-level multi-leader-follower incentive Stackelberg game with $H_\infty$ constraint. Based on $H_2/H_\infty$ control theory, we firstly obtain the worst-case disturbance and the team-optimal strategy by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-13 Na Xiang , Jingtao Shi

The Stackelberg game model, where a leader commits to a strategy and the follower best responds, has found widespread application, particularly to security problems. In the security setting, the goal is for the leader to compute an optimal…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Sai Mali Ananthanarayanan , Christian Kroer

We study a continuous-time stochastic Stackelberg game in which a leader seeks to accomplish a primary objective while inferring a hidden parameter of a rational follower. The follower solves an entropy-regularized tracking problem and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Ruimeng Hu , Daniel Ralston , Xu Yang , Haosheng Zhou

Remote estimation is a crucial element of real time monitoring of a stochastic process. While most of the existing works have concentrated on obtaining optimal sampling strategies, motivated by malicious attacks on cyber-physical systems,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Atahan Dokme , Raj Kiriti Velicheti , Melih Bastopcu , Tamer Başar

Defensive deception techniques have emerged as a promising proactive defense mechanism to mislead an attacker and thereby achieve attack failure. However, most game-theoretic defensive deception approaches have assumed that players maintain…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Zelin Wan , Jin-Hee Cho , Mu Zhu , Ahmed H. Anwar , Charles Kamhoua , Munindar P. Singh

Stackelberg security game models and associated computational tools have seen deployment in a number of high-consequence security settings, such as LAX canine patrols and Federal Air Marshal Service. These models focus on isolated systems…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-29 Jian Lou , Andrew M. Smith , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

Adversarial decision-making in partially observable multi-agent systems requires sophisticated strategies for both deception and counter-deception. This paper presents a sequential hypothesis testing (SHT)-driven framework that captures the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Haosheng Zhou , Daniel Ralston , Xu Yang , Ruimeng Hu

We formulate a Stackelberg game between an attacker and a defender of a power system. The attacker attempts to alter the load setpoints of the power system covertly and intelligently, so that the voltage stability margin of the grid is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-14 Lu An , Aranya Chakrabortty , Alexandra Duel-Hallen

The concept of leader--follower (or Stackelberg) equilibrium plays a central role in a number of real--world applications of game theory. While the case with a single follower has been thoroughly investigated, results with multiple…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-10 Nicola Basilico , Stefano Coniglio , Nicola Gatti

We study a target coverage problem in which a team of sensing agents, operating under limited communication, must collaboratively monitor targets that may be adaptively repositioned by an attacker. We model this interaction as a zero-sum…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Jayanth Bhargav , Zirui Xu , Vasileios Tzoumas , Mahsa Ghasemi , Shreyas Sundaram

Adversarial deep learning is to train robust DNNs against adversarial attacks, which is one of the major research focuses of deep learning. Game theory has been used to answer some of the basic questions about adversarial deep learning such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Xiao-Shan Gao , Shuang Liu , Lijia Yu

We present a new solution concept called evolutionarily stable Stackelberg equilibrium (SESS). We study the Stackelberg evolutionary game setting in which there is a single leading player and a symmetric population of followers. The leader…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Sam Ganzfried

In security games, the solution concept commonly used is that of a Stackelberg equilibrium where the defender gets to commit to a mixed strategy. The motivation for this is that the attacker can repeatedly observe the defender's actions and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-17 Vincent Conitzer

This article studies rational and persistent deception among intelligent robots to enhance security and operational efficiency. We present an N-player K-stage game with an asymmetric information structure where each robot's private…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-29 Linan Huang , Quanyan Zhu

In multi-agent autonomous systems, deception is a fundamental concept which characterizes the exploitation of unbalanced information to mislead victims into choosing oblivious actions. This effectively alters the system's long term…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Michael Tang , Miroslav Krstic , Jorge Poveda

The Stackelberg equilibrium solution concept describes optimal strategies to commit to: Player 1 (termed the leader) publicly commits to a strategy and Player 2 (termed the follower) plays a best response to this strategy (ties are broken…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Branislav Bosansky , Simina Branzei , Kristoffer Arnsfelt Hansen , Peter Bro Miltersen , Troels Bjerre Sorensen