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Two-player games such as board games have long been used as traditional benchmarks for reinforcement learning. This work revisits a policy optimization method with reverse Kullback-Leibler regularization and entropy regularization and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Kazuki Ota , Takayuki Osa , Motoki Omura , Tatsuya Harada

In the convex optimization approach to online regret minimization, many methods have been developed to guarantee a $O(\sqrt{T})$ bound on regret for subdifferentiable convex loss functions with bounded subgradients, by using a reduction to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-20 Arthur Flajolet , Patrick Jaillet

We study the problem of minimizing swap regret in structured normal-form games. Players have a very large (potentially infinite) number of pure actions, but each action has an embedding into $d$-dimensional space and payoffs are given by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Maxwell Fishelson , Robert Kleinberg , Princewill Okoroafor , Renato Paes Leme , Jon Schneider , Yifeng Teng

We develop a flexible stochastic approximation framework for analyzing the long-run behavior of learning in games (both continuous and finite). The proposed analysis template incorporates a wide array of popular learning algorithms,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Volkan Cevher

The objective of this paper is to investigate the finite-time analysis of a Q-learning algorithm applied to two-player zero-sum Markov games. Specifically, we establish a finite-time analysis of both the minimax Q-learning algorithm and the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Donghwan Lee

In the literature on game-theoretic equilibrium finding, focus has mainly been on solving a single game in isolation. In practice, however, strategic interactions -- ranging from routing problems to online advertising auctions -- evolve…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Keegan Harris , Ioannis Anagnostides , Gabriele Farina , Mikhail Khodak , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Tuomas Sandholm

Motivated by alternating learning dynamics in two-player games, a recent work by Cevher et al.(2024) shows that $o(\sqrt{T})$ alternating regret is possible for any $T$-round adversarial Online Linear Optimization (OLO) problem, and left as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Soumita Hait , Ping Li , Haipeng Luo , Mengxiao Zhang

We study a stochastic differential game with $N$ competitive players in a linear-quadratic framework with ergodic cost, where $d$-dimensional diffusion processes govern the state dynamics with an unknown common drift (matrix). Assuming a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Asaf Cohen , Ruolan He , Yuqiong Wang

We study finite-time horizon continuous-time linear-quadratic reinforcement learning problems in an episodic setting, where both the state and control coefficients are unknown to the controller. We first propose a least-squares algorithm…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-22 Matteo Basei , Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Yufei Zhang

In this paper, we first address a linear quadratic mean-field game problem with a leader-follower structure. By adopting a Riccati-type approach, we show how one can obtain a state-feedback representation of the pairs of strategies which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-21 Samir Aberkane , Vasile Dragan

We study the problem of learning a Nash equilibrium (NE) in an imperfect information game (IIG) through self-play. Precisely, we focus on two-player, zero-sum, episodic, tabular IIG under the perfect-recall assumption where the only…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-14 Tadashi Kozuno , Pierre Ménard , Rémi Munos , Michal Valko

The task of computing approximate Nash equilibria in large zero-sum extensive-form games has received a tremendous amount of attention due mainly to the Annual Computer Poker Competition. Immediately after its inception, two competing and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-19 Kevin Waugh , J. Andrew Bagnell

We focus on the design of algorithms for finding equilibria in 2-player zero-sum games. Although it is well known that such problems can be solved by a single linear program, there has been a surge of interest in recent years for simpler…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Michail Fasoulakis , Evangelos Markakis , Giorgos Roussakis , Christodoulos Santorinaios

In this paper, we study a special bandit setting of online stochastic linear optimization, where only one-bit of information is revealed to the learner at each round. This problem has found many applications including online advertisement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-28 Lijun Zhang , Tianbao Yang , Rong Jin , Zhi-Hua Zhou

We study what dataset assumption permits solving offline two-player zero-sum Markov games. In stark contrast to the offline single-agent Markov decision process, we show that the single strategy concentration assumption is insufficient for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Qiwen Cui , Simon S. Du

Driven by recent successes in two-player, zero-sum game solving and playing, artificial intelligence work on games has increasingly focused on algorithms that produce equilibrium-based strategies. However, this approach has been less…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Dustin Morrill , Ryan D'Orazio , Reca Sarfati , Marc Lanctot , James R. Wright , Amy Greenwald , Michael Bowling

In this work we consider a stochastic linear quadratic two-player game. The state measurements are observed through a switched noiseless communication link. Each player incurs a finite cost every time the link is established to get…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Dipankar Maity , Achilleas Anastasopoulos , John S. Baras

This paper studies two-player zero-sum repeated Bayesian games in which every player has a private type that is unknown to the other player, and the initial probability of the type of every player is publicly known. The types of players are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Lichun Li , Cedric Langbort , Jeff Shamma

We revisit the problem of learning in two-player zero-sum Markov games, focusing on developing an algorithm that is uncoupled, convergent, and rational, with non-asymptotic convergence rates. We start from the case of stateless matrix game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Yang Cai , Haipeng Luo , Chen-Yu Wei , Weiqiang Zheng

One prominent approach toward resolving the adversarial vulnerability of deep neural networks is the two-player zero-sum paradigm of adversarial training, in which predictors are trained against adversarially chosen perturbations of data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Alexander Robey , Fabian Latorre , George J. Pappas , Hamed Hassani , Volkan Cevher