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High-performance techniques to simulate quantum programs on classical hardware rely on exponentially large vectors to represent quantum states. When simulating quantum algorithms, the quantum states that occur are often sparse due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Samuel Jaques , Thomas Häner

Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is widely used in security applications such as public key cryptography (PKC) and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP). ECC is composed of modular arithmetic, where modular multiplication takes most of the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Jonathan Ku , Junyao Zhang , Haoxuan Shan , Saichand Samudrala , Jiawen Wu , Qilin Zheng , Ziru Li , JV Rajendran , Yiran Chen

Eker{\aa} and H{\aa}stad have introduced a variation of Shor's algorithm for the discrete logarithm problem (DLP). Unlike Shor's original algorithm, Eker{\aa}-H{\aa}stad's algorithm solves the short DLP in groups of unknown order. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Martin Ekerå

This paper presents algorithms for local inversion of maps and shows how several important computational problems such as cryptanalysis of symmetric encryption algorithms, RSA algorithm and solving the elliptic curve discrete log problem…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Virendra Sule

Quantum computers have the potential to perform computational tasks beyond the reach of classical machines. A prominent example is Shor's algorithm for integer factorization and discrete logarithms, which is of both fundamental importance…

The semidirect discrete logarithm problem (SDLP) is the following analogue of the standard discrete logarithm problem in the semidirect product semigroup $G\rtimes \mathrm{End}(G)$ for a finite semigroup $G$. Given $g\in G, \sigma\in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Muhammad Imran , Gábor Ivanyos

Shor's algorithm is one of the most prominent quantum algorithms, yet finding efficient implementations remains an active research challenge. While many approaches focus on low-level modular arithmetic optimizations, a broader perspective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Moritz Schmidt , Abhoy Kole , Leon Wichette , Rolf Drechsler , Frank Kirchner , Elie Mounzer

This paper studies the quantum computational complexity of the discrete logarithm (DL) and related group-theoretic problems in the context of generic algorithms -- that is, algorithms that do not exploit any properties of the group…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-23 Minki Hhan , Takashi Yamakawa , Aaram Yun

The discrete logarithm problem (DLP) over finite fields, commonly used in classical cryptography, has no known polynomial-time algorithm on classical computers. However, Shor has provided its polynomial-time algorithm on quantum computers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Kaito Kishi , Junpei Yamaguchi , Tetsuya Izu , Noboru Kunihiro

The discrete logarithm problem (DLP) is the basis for several cryptographic primitives. Since Shor's work, it has been known that the DLP can be solved by combining a polynomial-size quantum circuit and a polynomial-time classical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Yoshinori Aono , Sitong Liu , Tomoki Tanaka , Shumpei Uno , Rodney Van Meter , Naoyuki Shinohara , Ryo Nojima

The integer factorization problem (IFP) underpins the security of RSA, yet becomes efficiently solvable on a quantum computer through Shor's algorithm. Regev's recent high-dimensional variant reduces the circuit size through lattice-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Wentao Yang , Bao Yan , Muxi Zheng , Quanfeng Lu , Shijie Wei , Gui-Lu Long

Windowed arithmetic [Gidney, 2019] is a technique for reducing the cost of quantum arithmetic circuits with space--time tradeoffs using memory queries to precomputed tables. It can reduce the asymptotic cost of modular exponentiation from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Alessandro Luongo , Varun Narasimhachar , Adithya Sireesh

Elliptic curves are planar curves which can be used to define an abelian group. The efficient computation of discrete logarithms over this group is a longstanding problem relevant to cryptography. It may be possible to efficiently compute…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-24 Maxwell Aifer , Evan Sheldon

This paper presents a generalization of a method allowing the transformation of the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP) over prime fields to the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problem. The original method…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Łukasz Dzierzkowski

We consider a quantum polynomial-time algorithm which solves the discrete logarithm problem for points on elliptic curves over $GF(2^m)$. We improve over earlier algorithms by constructing an efficient circuit for multiplying elements of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-18 Donny Cheung , Dmitri Maslov , Jimson Mathew , Dhiraj K. Pradhan

We present a novel and efficient in terms of circuit depth design for Shor's quantum factorization algorithm. The circuit effectively utilizes a diverse set of adders based on the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) Draper's adders to build…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-05 Archimedes Pavlidis , Dimitris Gizopoulos

We propose Shuttling-based Distributed Quantum Computing (SDQC), a hybrid architecture that combines the strengths of physical qubit shuttling and distributed quantum computing to enable scalable trapped-ion quantum computing. SDQC performs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Seunghyun Baek , Seok-Hyung Lee , Dongmoon Min , Junki Kim

We describe an efficient quantum algorithm for computing discrete logarithms in semigroups using Shor's algorithms for period finding and discrete log as subroutines. Thus proposed cryptosystems based on the presumed hardness of discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-23 Andrew M. Childs , Gábor Ivanyos

Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) has emerged as the dominant public-key protocol, with NIST standardizing parameters for binary field GF(2^m) ECC systems. This work presents a hardware implementation of a Hybrid Multiplication technique…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Ruby Kumari , Gaurav Purohit , Abhijit Karmakar

Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is a widely established cryptographic technique, recognized for its effectiveness and reliability across a broad range of applications such as securing telecommunications or safeguarding cryptocurrency…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-20 Diego Polimeni , Raphael Seidel