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Dark patterns are (evil) design nudges that steer people's behaviour through persuasive interface design. Increasingly found in cookie consent requests, they possibly undermine principles of EU privacy law. In two preregistered online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Paul Graßl , Hanna Schraffenberger , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius , Moniek Buijzen

Dark patterns, design tricks used on online interfaces to manipulate users decision-making process, have raised public concerns. However, research on regulation of dark pattern remains underdeveloped and scattered, particularly regarding…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Weiwei Yi , Zihao Li

Today's largest technology corporations, especially ones with consumer-facing products such as social media platforms, use a variety of unethical and often outright illegal tactics to maintain their dominance. One tactic that has risen to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Michelle Nie

The issue of dark patterns and deceptive designs (DPs) in everyday interfaces and interactions continues to grow. DPs are manipulative and malicious elements within user interfaces that deceive users into making unintended choices. In…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Weichen Joe Chang , Katie Seaborn , Andrew A. Adams

Mixed Reality (MR) integrates virtual objects with the real world, offering potential but raising concerns about misuse through dark patterns. This study explored the effects of four dark patterns, adapted from prior research, and applied…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Luca-Maxim Meinhardt , Simon Demharter , Michael Rietzler , Mark Colley , Thomas Eßmeyer , Enrico Rukzio

Using technology to persuade people to behave in a certain way is an ever-increasing field of study. The ability to persuade individuals is quite clear in e-commerce, where individuals are persuaded to make purchasing decisions. However, it…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-06-14 Justin Filippou , Christopher Cheong , France Cheong

Algorithmic price collusion facilitated by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms raises significant concerns. We examine how AI agents using Q-learning engage in tacit collusion in two-sided markets. Our experiments reveal that AI-driven…

General Economics · Economics 2024-07-08 Cristian Chica , Yinglong Guo , Gilad Lerman

After years of speculation, price discrimination in e-commerce driven by the personal information that users leave (involuntarily) online, has started attracting the attention of privacy researchers, regulators, and the press. In our…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-07-18 Jakub Mikians , László Gyarmati , Vijay Erramilli , Nikolaos Laoutaris

Choice decisions made by users of online applications can suffer from biases due to the users' level of engagement. For instance, low engagement users may make random choices with no concern for the quality of items offered. This biased…

Applications · Statistics 2016-08-30 Zhengli Wang , Tauhid Zaman

Throughout the past decade, research in HCI has identified numerous instances of dark patterns in digital interfaces. These efforts have led to a well-fostered typology describing harmful strategies users struggle to navigate. However, an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Thomas Mildner , Albert Inkoom , Rainer Malaka , Jasmin Niess

The frequency with which people interact with technology means that users may develop interface habits, i.e. fast, automatic responses to stable interface cues. Design guidelines often assume that interface habits are beneficial. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Diego Garaialde , Christopher P. Bowers , Charlie Pinder , Priyal Shah , Shashwat Parashar , Leigh Clark , Benjamin R. Cowan

Current dark pattern research tells designers what not to do, but how do they know what to do? In contrast to prior approaches that focus on patterns to avoid and their underlying principles, we present a framework grounded in positive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Evan Caragay , Katherine Xiong , Jonathan Zong , Daniel Jackson

Interest in unethical user interfaces has grown in HCI over recent years, with researchers identifying malicious design strategies referred to as ''dark patterns''. While such strategies have been described in numerous domains, we lack a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Thomas Mildner , Merle Freye , Gian-Luca Savino , Philip R. Doyle , Benjamin R. Cowan , Rainer Malaka

This paper presents a novel approach to predicting buying intent and product demand in e-commerce settings, leveraging a Deep Q-Network (DQN) inspired architecture. In the rapidly evolving landscape of online retail, accurate prediction of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Aditi Madhusudan Jain

Infants learn actively in their environments, shaping their own learning curricula. They learn about their environments' affordances, that is, how local circumstances determine how their behavior can affect the environment. Here we model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Fedor Scholz , Erik Ayari , Johannes Bertram , Martin V. Butz

Two-sided matching markets have long existed to pair agents in the absence of regulated exchanges. A common example is school choice, where a matching mechanism uses student and school preferences to assign students to schools. In such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Stefania Ionescu , Yuhao Du , Kenneth Joseph , Anikó Hannák

Consumers discover their preferences through experience, yet the sequence and composition of those experiences are often designed by firms, digital platforms, or policymakers. We introduce a ``data-design'' framework for preference…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-17 Sebastiano Della Lena , Alessio Muscillo , Paolo Pin

Recommendation is the task of improving customer experience through personalized recommendation based on users' past feedback. In this paper, we investigate the most common scenario: the user-item (U-I) matrix of implicit feedback. Even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-21 Peng Yang , Peilin Zhao , Xin Gao , Yong Liu

Interference between treated and untreated units is a source of bias in marketplace experiments. In this paper, we specifically consider pricing interventions, in which a platform seeks to adjust base pricing levels at the marketplace level…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Arthur Delarue , Kleanthis Karakolios

Aesthetics drives product differentiation in industries such as fashion, interior decor, luxury goods, real estate and hospitality. However, visual differentiation is hard to encode in formal economic analysis. This paper analyses millions…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-22 Pranjal Rawat