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Quantum optimization algorithms, such as the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm, are emerging as promising heuristics for solving complex combinatorial problems. To improve performance, several extensions to the standard QAOA…

We provide a method to prepare a warm-started quantum state from measurements with an iterative framework to enhance the quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA). The numerical simulations show the method can effectively address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-17 Haomu Yuan , Songqinghao Yang , Crispin H. W. Barnes

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum algorithm that finds approximate solutions to problems in combinatorial optimization, especially those that can be formulated as a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Bikrant Bhattacharyya , Michael Capriotti , Reuben Tate

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to solve combinatorial optimization problems in the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. Recently warm-start approaches have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-19 Ken N. Okada , Hirofumi Nishi , Taichi Kosugi , Yu-ichiro Matsushita

We generalize the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) of Farhi et al. (2014) to allow for arbitrary separable initial states with corresponding mixers such that the starting state is the most excited state of the mixing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Reuben Tate , Jai Moondra , Bryan Gard , Greg Mohler , Swati Gupta

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm/quantum alternating operator ansatz (QAOA) is a heuristic to find approximate solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. Most literature is limited to quadratic problems without…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising candidate for solving combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently than classical computers. Recent studies have shown that warm-starting the standard algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Vanessa Dehn , Thomas Wellens

This paper investigates quantum heuristics based on Mixer Hamiltonians, which allow the search to be restricted to a specific subspace and enable warm-start strategies for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Approaches involving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 E. Bourreau , G. Fleury , P. Lacomme

The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) is a promising gate-model meta-heuristic for combinatorial optimization. Applying the algorithm to problems with constraints presents an implementation challenge for near-term quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-25 Zhihui Wang , Nicholas C. Rubin , Jason M. Dominy , Eleanor G. Rieffel

There is an increasing interest in quantum algorithms for problems of integer programming and combinatorial optimization. Classical solvers for such problems employ relaxations, which replace binary variables with continuous ones, for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Daniel J. Egger , Jakub Marecek , Stefan Woerner

We present an approach, which we term quantum-enhanced optimization, to accelerate classical optimization algorithms by leveraging quantum sampling. Our method uses quantum-generated samples as warm starts to classical heuristics for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Ieva Čepaitė , Niam Vaishnav , Leo Zhou , Ashley Montanaro

Quantum alternating operator ansatz (QAOA) has a strong connection to the adiabatic algorithm, which it can approximate with sufficient depth. However, it is unclear to what extent the lessons from the adiabatic regime apply to QAOA as…

We study the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) in the context of the Max-Cut problem. Near-term (noisy) quantum devices are only able to (accurately) execute QAOA at low circuit depths while QAOA requires a relatively high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-24 Reuben Tate , Majid Farhadi , Creston Herold , Greg Mohler , Swati Gupta

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising variational quantum algorithm for combinatorial optimization problems. However, the implementation of QAOA is limited due to the requirement that the problems be mapped to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Hui-Min Li , Jin-Min Liang , Zhi-Xi Wang , Shao-Ming Fei

In the search for quantum advantage in real--world problems, one promising avenue is to use a quantum algorithm to improve on the solution found using an efficient classical algorithm. The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Yunlong Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Nic Shannon , Robert Joynt

There exist numerous problems in nature inherently described by finite $D$-dimensional states. Formulating these problems for execution on qubit-based quantum hardware requires mapping the qudit Hilbert space to that of multiqubit which may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Shakib Daryanoosh

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a leading framework for quantum combinatorial optimization. The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a core problem in logistics and transportation, is a natural application target, but it…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuan-Zheng Lei , Yaobang Gong , Xianfeng Terry Yang , Nii Attoh-Okine

Quantum optimization algorithms can be used to recreate unsupervised learning clustering of data by mapping the problem to a graph optimization problem and finding the minimum energy for a MaxCut problem formulation. This research tests the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Daniel Beaulieu , Anh Pham

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithm that offers the potential to handle combinatorial optimization problems. Introducing constraints in such combinatorial optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Santosh Kumar Radha

Portfolio optimization under strict cardinality constraints is a combinatorial challenge that defies classical convex optimization techniques, particularly in the context of "Direct Indexing" and ESG-constrained mandates. In the Noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Javier Mancilla , Theodoros D. Bouloumis , Frederic Goguikian
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