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Enhancing the temporal understanding of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is essential for advancing long-form video analysis, enabling tasks such as temporal localization, action detection, and time-sensitive question answering.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Tao Wu , Li Yang , Gen Zhan , Yabin Zhang , Yiting Liao , Junlin Li , Deliang Fu , Li Zhang , Limin Wang

Process Reward Models (PRMs) provide step-level supervision that improves the reliability of reasoning in large language models. While PRMs have been extensively studied in text-based domains, their extension to Vision Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Brandon Ong , Tej Deep Pala , Vernon Toh , William Chandra Tjhi , Soujanya Poria

Even in the era of rapid advances in large models, video understanding remains a highly challenging task. Compared to texts or images, videos commonly contain more information with redundancy, requiring large models to properly allocate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Shiwen Cao , Zhaoxing Zhang , Junming Jiao , Juyi Qiao , Guowen Song , Rong Shen , Xiangbing Meng

Long-form video understanding remains fundamentally challenged by pervasive spatiotemporal redundancy and intricate narrative dependencies that span extended temporal horizons. While recent structured representations compress visual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yuehan Zhu , Jingqi Zhao , Jiawen Zhao , Xudong Mao , Baoquan Zhao

Recent advances in medical large language models have explored Test-Time Reinforcement Learning (TTRL) to enhance reasoning. However, standard TTRL often relies on majority voting (MV) as a heuristic supervision signal, which can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Kailong Fan , Anqi Pu , Yichen Wu , Wanhua Li , Yicong Li , Hanspeter Pfister , Huafeng Liu , Xiang Li , Quanzheng Li , Ning Guo

Existing video-language pre-training methods primarily focus on instance-level alignment between video clips and captions via global contrastive learning but neglect rich fine-grained local information in both videos and text, which is of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yuanhao Xiong , Long Zhao , Boqing Gong , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Florian Schroff , Ting Liu , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Liangzhe Yuan

Current large multimodal models (LMMs) face significant challenges in processing and comprehending long-duration or high-resolution videos, which is mainly due to the lack of high-quality datasets. To address this issue from a data-centric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Weiming Ren , Huan Yang , Jie Min , Cong Wei , Wenhu Chen

Exploration in environments with continuous control and sparse rewards remains a key challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). Recently, surprise has been used as an intrinsic reward that encourages systematic and efficient exploration. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Haitao Xu , Brendan McCane , Lech Szymanski

Spatio-temporal representation learning is critical for video self-supervised representation. Recent approaches mainly use contrastive learning and pretext tasks. However, these approaches learn representation by discriminating sampled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Yujia Zhang , Lai-Man Po , Xuyuan Xu , Mengyang Liu , Yexin Wang , Weifeng Ou , Yuzhi Zhao , Wing-Yin Yu

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) excel at numerical forecasting but operate as black boxes lacking qualitative reasoning. Conversely, applying LLMs directly to temporal data introduces a modality gap: text tokenizers fragment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Md Atik Ahamed , Mihir Parmar , Palash Goyal , Chun-Liang Li , Qiang Cheng , Tomas Pfister , Jinsung Yoon

Spatio-temporal data mining plays a pivotal role in informed decision making across diverse domains. However, existing models are often restricted to narrow tasks, lacking the capacity for multi-task inference and complex long-form…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Kethmi Hirushini Hettige , Jiahao Ji , Cheng Long , Shili Xiang , Gao Cong , Jingyuan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with problems that require multi-step reasoning. For small-scale open-source models, Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) fails when correct solutions are rarely sampled even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yihe Deng , I-Hung Hsu , Jun Yan , Zifeng Wang , Rujun Han , Gufeng Zhang , Yanfei Chen , Wei Wang , Tomas Pfister , Chen-Yu Lee

Recent work shows that reinforcement learning(RL) can markedly sharpen the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) by prompting them to "think before answering." Yet whether and how these gains transfer to audio-language reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Cheng Wen , Tingwei Guo , Shuaijiang Zhao , Wei Zou , Xiangang Li

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), a lightweight variant of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chen Wang , Lai Wei , Yanzhi Zhang , Chenyang Shao , Zedong Dan , Weiran Huang , Yuzhi Zhang , Yue Wang

The Zero-shot Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments (VLN-CE) task requires agents to navigate previously unseen 3D environments using natural language instructions, without any scene-specific training. A critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Diqi He , Xuehao Gao , Hao Li , Junwei Han , Dingwen Zhang

An important problem in the analysis of high-dimensional omics data is to identify subsets of molecular variables that are associated with a phenotype of interest. This requires addressing the challenges of high dimensionality, strong…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-05 Fan Wang , Sylvia Richardson , Steven M. Hill

Robot learning has proven to be a general and effective technique for programming manipulators. Imitation learning is able to teach robots solely from human demonstrations but is bottlenecked by the capabilities of the demonstrations.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Zihan Zhou , Animesh Garg , Dieter Fox , Caelan Garrett , Ajay Mandlekar

Offline reinforcement learning in high-dimensional, discrete action spaces is challenging due to the exponential scaling of the joint action space with the number of sub-actions and the complexity of modeling sub-action dependencies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Matthew Landers , Taylor W. Killian , Hugo Barnes , Thomas Hartvigsen , Afsaneh Doryab

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in integrating visual perception with language understanding. However, effective multimodal reasoning requires both accurate perception and robust reasoning, and weakness in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Sourabh Sharma , Sonam Gupta , Sadbhawna

Conditional random field (CRF) and Structural Support Vector Machine (Structural SVM) are two state-of-the-art methods for structured prediction which captures the interdependencies among output variables. The success of these methods is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Qi Mao , Ivor W. Tsang