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A fundamental aspect of behaviour is the ability to encode salient features of experience in memory and use these memories, in combination with current sensory information, to predict the best action for each situation such that long-term…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Stephen Kelly , Tatiana Voegerl , Wolfgang Banzhaf , Cedric Gondro

Large language model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) demonstrate remarkable collective intelligence, wherein multi-agent memory serves as a pivotal mechanism for continual adaptation. However, existing multi-agent memory designs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Muxin Fu , Xiangyuan Xue , Yafu Li , Zefeng He , Siyuan Huang , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng , Yang Yang

Large language model-based agents operating in long-horizon interactions require memory systems that support temporal consistency, multi-hop reasoning, and evidence-grounded reuse across sessions. Existing approaches largely rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Juexiang Ye , Xue Li , Xinyu Yang , Chengkai Huang , Lanshun Nie , Lina Yao , Dechen Zhan

As LLM agents evolve into collaborative multi-agent systems, their memory requirements grow rapidly in complexity. This position paper frames multi-agent memory as a computer architecture problem. We distinguish shared and distributed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zhongming Yu , Naicheng Yu , Hejia Zhang , Wentao Ni , Mingrui Yin , Jiaying Yang , Yujie Zhao , Jishen Zhao

Long-term memory is essential for conversational agents to maintain coherence, track persistent tasks, and provide personalized interactions across extended dialogues. However, existing approaches as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Juwei Yue , Chuanrui Hu , Jiawei Sheng , Zuyi Zhou , Wenyuan Zhang , Tingwen Liu , Li Guo , Yafeng Deng

Personalized agents that interact with users over long periods must maintain persistent memory across sessions and update it as circumstances change. However, existing benchmarks predominantly frame long-term memory evaluation as fact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Md Nayem Uddin , Kumar Shubham , Eduardo Blanco , Chitta Baral , Gengyu Wang

In cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), efficient exploration is crucial for optimizing the performance of joint policy. However, existing methods often update joint policies via independent agent exploration, without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zejiao Liu , Junqi Tu , Yitian Hong , Luolin Xiong , Yaochu Jin , Yang Tang , Fangfei Li

Traditional AI alignment primarily focuses on individual model outputs; however, autonomous agents in long-horizon workflows require sustained reliability across entire interaction trajectories. We introduce APEMO (Affect-aware Peak-End…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Hanjing Shi , Dominic DiFranzo

Large language model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong performance in short-text contexts but often underperform in extended dialogues due to inefficient memory management. Existing approaches face a fundamental trade-off between efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xiaochen Zhao , Kaikai Wang , Xiaowen Zhang , Chen Yao , Aili Wang

LLM-powered embodied agents have shown success on conventional object-rearrangement tasks, but providing personalized assistance that leverages user-specific knowledge from past interactions presents new challenges. We investigate these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Taeyoon Kwon , Dongwook Choi , Hyojun Kim , Sunghwan Kim , Seungjun Moon , Beong-woo Kwak , Kuan-Hao Huang , Jinyoung Yeo

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly used in real-world products, where personalized and context-aware user interactions are essential. A central enabler of such capabilities is the agent's long-term semantic memory system,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhentao Xu , Shangjin Zhang , Emir Poyraz , Yvonne Li , Ye Jin , Xie Lu , Xiaoyang Gu , Karthik Ramgopal , Praveen Kumar Bodigutla , Xiaofeng Wang

Recent advancements in large language models have significantly improved their context windows, yet challenges in effective long-term memory management remain. We introduce MemTree, an algorithm that leverages a dynamic, tree-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Alireza Rezazadeh , Zichao Li , Wei Wei , Yujia Bao

Recent advancements in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated tremendous potential in diverse task scenarios. Nonetheless, existing agentic systems typically rely on predefined agent-role design…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zhipeng Hou , Junyi Tang , Yipeng Wang

Group-based reinforcement learning (RL), such as GRPO, has advanced the capabilities of large language models on long-horizon agentic tasks. To enable more fine-grained policy updates, recent research has increasingly shifted toward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Shuo He , Lang Feng , Qi Wei , Xin Cheng , Lei Feng , Bo An

Understanding and predicting human actions has been a long-standing challenge and is a crucial measure of perception in robotics AI. While significant progress has been made in anticipating the future actions of individual agents, prior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zirui Wang , Xinran Zhao , Simon Stepputtis , Woojun Kim , Tongshuang Wu , Katia Sycara , Yaqi Xie

Many recent long-context and agentic systems address context-length limitations by adding hierarchical memory: they extract atomic units from raw data, build multi-level representatives by grouping and compression, and traverse this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yashar Talebirad , Ali Parsaee , Csongor Y. Szepesvari , Amirhossein Nadiri , Osmar Zaiane

Many real-world systems, such as transportation systems, ecological systems, and Internet systems, are complex systems. As an important tool for studying complex systems, computational experiments can map them into artificial society models…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ming Zhang , Yiling Xuan , Qun Ma , Yuwei Guo

Long-horizon conversational agents require persistent memory for coherent reasoning, yet uncontrolled accumulation causes temporal decay and false memory propagation. Benchmarks such as LOCOMO and LOCCO report performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Payal Fofadiya , Sunil Tiwari

The rise of AI-native Low-Code/No-Code (LCNC) platforms enables autonomous agents capable of executing complex, long-duration business processes. However, a fundamental challenge remains: memory management. As agents operate over extended…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jiexi Xu

Hierarchical multi-agent systems (HMAS) organize collections of agents into layered structures that help manage complexity and scale. These hierarchies can simplify coordination, but they also can introduce trade-offs that are not always…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-19 David J. Moore