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This work investigates the formal policy synthesis of continuous-state stochastic dynamic systems given high-level specifications in linear temporal logic. To learn an optimal policy that maximizes the satisfaction probability, we take a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Lening Li , Zhentian Qian

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically aligned with human values using preference data or predefined principles such as helpfulness, honesty, and harmlessness. However, as AI systems progress toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Panatchakorn Anantaprayoon , Nataliia Babina , Jad Tarifi , Nima Asgharbeygi

Emotional Support Conversation (ESC) plays a critical role in mental health assistance by providing accessible psychological support in real-world applications. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong empathetic abilities in ESC…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lin Zhong , Renjin Zhu , Shujuan Ma , Jinhao Cui , Lingzhi Wang , Hao Chen , Qing Liao

In this paper we show an effective means of integrating data driven frameworks to sampling based optimal control to vastly reduce the compute time for easy adoption and adaptation to real time applications such as on-road autonomous driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Kaustab Pal , Aditya Sharma , Mohd Omama , Parth N. Shah , K. Madhava Krishna

Neural task-oriented dialogue systems often struggle to smoothly interface with a knowledge base. In this work, we seek to address this problem by proposing a new neural dialogue agent that is able to effectively sustain grounded,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Mihail Eric , Christopher D. Manning

Recent progress in multimodal large language models has led to strong performance on reasoning tasks, but these improvements largely rely on high-quality annotated data or teacher-model distillation, both of which are costly and difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Zhengxian Wu , Kai Shi , Chuanrui Zhang , Zirui Liao , Jun Yang , Ni Yang , Qiuying Peng , Luyuan Zhang , Hangrui Xu , Tianhuang Su , Zhenyu Yang , Haonan Lu , Haoqian Wang

We study knowledge-grounded dialogue generation with pre-trained language models. To leverage the redundant external knowledge under capacity constraint, we propose equipping response generation defined by a pre-trained language model with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Xueliang Zhao , Wei Wu , Can Xu , Chongyang Tao , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Long-horizon interactions require language models to manage accumulating information: when to update their state, when to preserve their state, and what to ignore. We study this challenge as \textbf{Contextual Belief Management (CBM)}:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haoming Xu , Weihong Xu , Zongrui Li , Mengru Wang , Yunzhi Yao , Chiyu Wu , Jin Shang , Yu Gong , Shumin Deng

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is inherently multi-objective: different users and evaluation criteria impose heterogeneous and often conflicting requirements on model outputs. We propose CAGE (Common-Agency…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Baiting Chen , Tong Zhu , Rui Yu , Xiaowu Dai

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess remarkable generalization capabilities but struggle with multi-task adaptation, particularly in balancing knowledge retention with task-specific specialization. Conventional fine-tuning methods suffer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dayan Pan , Zhaoyang Fu , Jingyuan Wang , Xiao Han , Yue Zhu , Xiangyu Zhao

Text-based conversational agents (CAs) are increasingly used in mental health, yet evaluation practices remain fragmented. We conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review (May-June 2024) across ACM Digital Library, Scopus, and PsycINFO. From…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jiangtao Gong , Xiao Wen , Fengyi Tao , Xinqi Wang , Xixi Yang , Yangrong Tang

Generalizable alignment is a core challenge for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) safely in real-world NLP applications. Current alignment methods, including Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), often fail to guarantee…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Jaymari Chua , Chen Wang , Lina Yao

Goal-oriented proactive dialogue systems are designed to guide user conversations seamlessly towards specific objectives by planning a goal-oriented path. However, previous research has focused predominantly on optimizing these paths while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Didi Zhang , Yaxin Fan , Peifeng Li , Qiaoming Zhu

Deep neural acoustic models benefit from context-dependent (CD) modeling of output symbols. We consider direct training of CTC networks with CD outputs, and identify two issues. The first one is frame-level normalization of probabilities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Jan Chorowski , Adrian Lancucki , Bartosz Kostka , Michal Zapotoczny

Large language model agents suffer from fundamental architectural problems: entangled reasoning and execution, memory volatility, and uncontrolled action sequences. We introduce Structured Cognitive Loop (SCL), a modular architecture that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Myung Ho Kim

We present a novel architecture for explainable modeling of task-oriented dialogues with discrete latent variables to represent dialogue actions. Our model is based on variational recurrent neural networks (VRNN) and requires no explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Vojtěch Hudeček , Ondřej Dušek

Conditional Neural Processes (CNPs; Garnelo et al., 2018a) are meta-learning models which leverage the flexibility of deep learning to produce well-calibrated predictions and naturally handle off-the-grid and missing data. CNPs scale to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-14 Stratis Markou , James Requeima , Wessel P. Bruinsma , Anna Vaughan , Richard E. Turner

Rule-based dialogue management is still the most popular solution for industrial task-oriented dialogue systems for their interpretablility. However, it is hard for developers to maintain the dialogue logic when the scenarios get more and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Jun Quan , Meng Yang , Qiang Gan , Deyi Xiong , Yiming Liu , Yuchen Dong , Fangxin Ouyang , Jun Tian , Ruiling Deng , Yongzhi Li , Yang Yang , Daxin Jiang

Information-theoretic fitness functions are becoming increasingly popular to produce generally useful, task-independent behaviors. One such universal function, dubbed empowerment, measures the amount of control an agent exerts on its…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Caitlin Grasso , Josh Bongard

Debt collection negotiations (DCN) are vital for managing non-performing loans (NPLs) and reducing creditor losses. Traditional methods are labor-intensive, while large language models (LLMs) offer promising automation potential. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Xiaofeng Wang , Zhixin Zhang , Jinguang Zheng , Yiming Ai , Rui Wang