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Exploratory GUI testing is essential for software quality but suffers from high manual costs. While Multi-modal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents excel in navigation, they fail to autonomously discover defects due to two core challenges:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yifei Gao , Jiang Wu , Xiaoyi Chen , Yifan Yang , Zhe Cui , Tianyi Ma , Jiaming Zhang , Jitao Sang

As a research community, we are still lacking a systematic understanding of the progress on adversarial robustness which often makes it hard to identify the most promising ideas in training robust models. A key challenge in benchmarking…

The reliability of multilingual Large Language Model (LLM) evaluation is currently compromised by the inconsistent quality of translated benchmarks. Existing resources often suffer from semantic drift and context loss, which can lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Hanna Yukhymenko , Anton Alexandrov , Martin Vechev

Large Language Models (LLMs) have displayed massive improvements in reasoning and decision-making skills and can hold natural conversations with users. Recently, many tool-use benchmark datasets have been proposed. However, existing…

As language agents increasingly automate critical tasks, their ability to follow domain-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs), policies, and constraints when taking actions and making tool calls becomes essential yet remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Zekun Li , Shinda Huang , Jiangtian Wang , Nathan Zhang , Antonis Antoniades , Wenyue Hua , Kaijie Zhu , Sirui Zeng , Chi Wang , William Yang Wang , Xifeng Yan

AI agents can extend their capabilities at inference time by loading reusable skills into context, yet equipping an agent with too many skills, particularly irrelevant ones, degrades performance. As community-driven skill repositories grow,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Fangzhou Li , Pagkratios Tagkopoulos , Ilias Tagkopoulos

Recent advances in frontier large language models have enabled code review agents that operate in open-ended, reasoning-intensive settings. However, the lack of standardized benchmarks and granular evaluation protocols makes it difficult to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Kristen Pereira , Neelabh Sinha , Rajat Ghosh , Debojyoti Dutta

LLM-based agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in solving complex tasks through multi-step reasoning and tool use. However, existing evaluation protocols primarily focus on task success, overlooking a critical aspect of agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Minyang Hu , Bo Yang , Zhinuo Zhou , Jiachen Liang , Guo Jiahao , Yiyang Yin , Xiongwei Han

Recent advances in large language models have led to strong performance on reasoning and environment-interaction tasks, yet their ability for creative problem-solving remains underexplored. We study this capability through the lens of…

The ability of language models in RAG systems to selectively refuse to answer based on flawed context is critical for safety, yet remains a significant failure point. Our large-scale study reveals that even frontier models struggle in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Aashiq Muhamed , Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro , Markus Dreyer , Virginia Smith , Mona T. Diab

Tool invocation is a core capability of agentic systems, yet failures often arise not from individual tool calls but from how multiple tools are organized and executed together. Existing approaches tightly couple tool execution with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Tao Zhe , Haoyu Wang , Bo Luo , Min Wu , Wei Fan , Xiao Luo , Zijun Yao , Haifeng Chen , Dongjie Wang

Workspace learning requires AI agents to identify, reason over, exploit, and update explicit and implicit dependencies among heterogeneous files in a worker's workspace, enabling them to complete both routine and advanced tasks effectively.…

Travel planning is a natural real-world task to test large language models' (LLMs) planning and tool-use abilities. Although prior work has studied LLM performance on travel planning, existing settings still differ from real-world needs,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xiang Cheng , Yulan Hu , Xiangwen Zhang , Lu Xu , Lide Tan , Zheng Pan , Xin Li , Yong Liu

The rapid growth of AI agent ecosystems is transforming how complex tasks are delegated and executed, creating a new challenge of identifying suitable agents for a given task. Unlike traditional tools, agent capabilities are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Bin Wu , Arastun Mammadli , Xiaoyu Zhang , Emine Yilmaz

While GUI agents have advanced rapidly, they often lack the robustness to recover from their own errors, hindering real-world deployment. To bridge this gap at both the evaluation and data levels, we introduce GUI-RobustEval and propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tianpeng Bu , Xin Liu , Qihua Chen , Hao Jiang , Shurui Li , Hongtao Duan , Lu Jiang , Lulu Hu , Bin Yang , Minying Zhang

Existing function-calling benchmarks focus on single-turn interactions. However, they overlook the complexity of real-world scenarios. To quantify how existing benchmarks address practical applications, we introduce DICE-SCORE, a metric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Kyochul Jang , Donghyeon Lee , Kyusik Kim , Dongseok Heo , Taewhoo Lee , Woojeong Kim , Bongwon Suh

Penetration testing is critical for identifying and mitigating security vulnerabilities, yet traditional approaches remain expensive, time-consuming, and dependent on expert human labor. Recent work has explored AI-driven pentesting agents,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Wuyuao Mai , Geng Hong , Qi Liu , Jinsong Chen , Jiarun Dai , Xudong Pan , Yuan Zhang , Min Yang

Tools have become a mainstay of LLMs, allowing them to retrieve knowledge not in their weights, to perform tasks on the web, and even to control robots. However, most ontologies and surveys of tool-use have assumed the core challenge for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Jimin Sun , So Yeon Min , Yingshan Chang , Yonatan Bisk

Agentic systems are evaluated on benchmarks where agents interact with environments to solve tasks. Most papers report a pass@1 score computed from a single run per task, assuming this gives a reliable performance estimate. We test this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Bjarni Haukur Bjarnason , André Silva , Martin Monperrus

Terminal-agent benchmarks have become a primary signal for measuring the coding and system-administration capabilities of large language models. As the market for evaluation environments grows, so does the pressure to ship tasks quickly,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ivan Bercovich