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Recommender systems (RS) are increasingly vulnerable to shilling attacks, where adversaries inject fake user profiles to manipulate system outputs. Traditional attack strategies often rely on simplistic heuristics, require access to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Shengkang Gu , Jiahao Liu , Dongsheng Li , Guangping Zhang , Mingzhe Han , Hansu Gu , Peng Zhang , Ning Gu , Li Shang , Tun Lu

Large Language Model (LLM) agents can leverage tools such as Google Search to complete complex tasks. However, this tool usage introduces the risk of indirect prompt injections, where malicious instructions hidden in tool outputs can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zizhao Wang , Dingcheng Li , Vaishakh Keshava , Phillip Wallis , Ananth Balashankar , Peter Stone , Lukas Rutishauser

Agentic large language model systems increasingly automate tasks by retrieving URLs and calling external tools. We show that this workflow gives rise to implicit prompt injection: adversarial instructions embedded in automatically generated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Qianlong Lan , Anuj Kaul , Shaun Jones , Stephanie Westrum

Code-capable large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly embedded into software engineering workflows where they can read, write, and execute code, raising the stakes of safety-bypass ("jailbreak") attacks beyond text-only settings.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Shoumik Saha , Jifan Chen , Sam Mayers , Sanjay Krishna Gouda , Zijian Wang , Varun Kumar

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as general planners in embodied intelligence, enabling high level coordination and low level task planning for both single robot and multi-robot collaboration. This increasing reliance on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhen Huang , Zhihuang Liu , Mengxuan Luo , Weishang Wu , Zhiping Cai

Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in software engineering and cybersecurity tasks, including code generation, vulnerability discovery, and automated testing. One critical but underexplored…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Bin Liu , Yanjie Zhao , Guoai Xu , Haoyu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption across diverse applications due to their impressive generative capabilities. Their plug-and-play nature enables both developers and end users to interact with these models through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zongze Li , Jiawei Guo , Haipeng Cai

This paper introduces a novel attack vector that leverages website cloaking techniques to compromise autonomous web-browsing agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs). As these agents become more prevalent, their unique and often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shaked Zychlinski

Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed as assistants in planning and decision making, yet most existing systems are implicitly optimized for a single-principal interaction paradigm, in which the model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Shu Yang , Shenzhe Zhu , Hao Zhu , José Ramón Enríquez , Di Wang , Alex Pentland , Michiel A. Bakker , Jiaxin Pei

Large language model (LLM) agents are rapidly becoming trusted copilots in high-stakes domains like software development and healthcare. However, this deepening trust introduces a novel attack surface: Agent-Mediated Deception (AMD), where…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xinfeng Li , Shenyu Dai , Kelong Zheng , Yue Xiao , Gelei Deng , Wei Dong , Xiaofeng Wang

Large language model (LLM) agents deployed in clinical settings often exhibit abrupt, threshold-driven behavior, offering little visibility into accumulating risk prior to escalation. In real-world care, however, clinicians act on gradually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Sukesh Subaharan , Venkatesan VS , Murugadasan P , Sivakumar D , Gautham N , Ganeshkumar M

Several years of research have shown that machine-learning systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples, both in theory and in practice. Until now, such attacks have primarily targeted visual models, exploiting the gap between human and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Nicholas Boucher , Ilia Shumailov , Ross Anderson , Nicolas Papernot

AI-agent guardrails are memoryless: each message is judged in isolation, so an adversary who spreads a single attack across dozens of sessions slips past every session-bound detector because only the aggregate carries the payload. We make…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ari Azarafrooz

Responsible use of AI demands that we protect sensitive information without undermining the usefulness of data, an imperative that has become acute in the age of large language models. We address this challenge with an on-premise,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Federico Albanese , Pablo Ronco , Nicolás D'Ippolito

Communication is important in many multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems for agents to share information and make good decisions. However, when deploying trained communicative agents in a real-world application where noise and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Yanchao Sun , Ruijie Zheng , Parisa Hassanzadeh , Yongyuan Liang , Soheil Feizi , Sumitra Ganesh , Furong Huang

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks despite their impressive capabilities. Investigating these weaknesses is crucial for robust safety mechanisms. Existing attacks primarily distract LLMs by introducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Peng Ding , Jun Kuang , Wen Sun , Zongyu Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly used to automate complex workflows, but integrating untrusted external data with privileged execution exposes them to severe security risks, particularly direct and indirect prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zonghao Ying , Haozheng Wang , Jiangfan Liu , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Jian Yang , Yaodong Yang , Xianglong Liu

We consider unsourced random access (uRA) in a cell-free (CF) user-centric wireless network, where a large number of potential users compete for a random access slot, while only a finite subset is active. The random access users transmit…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Burak Çakmak , Eleni Gkiouzepi , Manfred Opper , Giuseppe Caire

The open-endedness of large language models (LLMs) combined with their impressive capabilities may lead to new safety issues when being exploited for malicious use. While recent studies primarily focus on probing toxic outputs that can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Jiaxin Wen , Pei Ke , Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Chengfei Li , Jinfeng Bai , Minlie Huang

Autonomous computer use agents that powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are emerging as capable assistants for completing complex digital workflows. However, real-world execution environments are far from ideal: pop-ups,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jingwei Sun , Jianing Zhu , Yuanyi Li , Tongliang Liu , Xia HU , Bo Han