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Large language models (LLMs) are commonly treated as stateless: once an interaction ends, no information is assumed to persist unless it is explicitly stored and re-supplied. We challenge this assumption by introducing implicit memory-the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ahmed Salem , Andrew Paverd , Sahar Abdelnabi

Memory-augmented large language model (LLM) agents use iterative reflection and self-evolution to solve complex tasks, but these mechanisms introduce security risks. Existing agentic memory attacks require privileged access or explicit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Kaixiang Wang , Jiong Lou , Zhaojiacheng Zhou , Jie Li

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the development of embodied intelligence. By providing a few contextual demonstrations, developers can utilize the extensive internal knowledge of LLMs to effortlessly translate complex tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Aishan Liu , Yuguang Zhou , Xianglong Liu , Tianyuan Zhang , Siyuan Liang , Jiakai Wang , Yanjun Pu , Tianlin Li , Junqi Zhang , Wenbo Zhou , Qing Guo , Dacheng Tao

Large Language Model (LLM) agents equipped with external tools have become increasingly powerful for complex tasks such as web shopping, automated email replies, and financial trading. However, these advancements amplify the risks of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Jiawei Zhang , Shuang Yang , Bo Li

As LLMs move from text completion toward autonomous agents, they remain constrained by the standard chat interface, which lacks private working memory. This raises a fundamental question: can agents reliably perform interactive tasks that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Davide Baldelli , Ali Parviz , Amal Zouaq , Sarath Chandar

Autonomous agent frameworks built upon large language models (LLMs) are evolving into complex, tool-integrated, and continuously operating systems, introducing security risks beyond traditional prompt-level vulnerabilities. As this paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Luyao Xu , Xiang Chen

The rapid advancement of Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) has introduced significant security vulnerabilities, where malicious influence can propagate virally through inter-agent communication. Conventional…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yijin Zhou , Xiaoya Lu , Dongrui Liu , Junchi Yan , Jing Shao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in assisting cybersecurity tasks, yet existing approaches struggle with automatic vulnerability discovery and exploitation due to limited interaction, weak execution grounding, and a lack of…

Large language models (LLMs) are often fine-tuned on uncurated text datasets that adversaries can poison. Existing poisoning attacks primarily rely on fixed trigger phrases that defenses such as outlier detection, clean-data regularization,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zedian Shao , Charles Fleming , Teodora Baluta

Autonomous offensive agents often fail to transfer beyond the networks on which they are trained. We isolate a minimal but fundamental shift -- unseen host/subnet IP reassignment in an otherwise fixed enterprise scenario -- and evaluate…

Modern AI-powered Integrated Development Environments (AI-IDEs) are increasingly defined by an Agent-centric architecture, where an LLM-powered Agent is deeply integrated to autonomously execute complex tasks. This tight integration,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xinpeng Liu , Junming Liu , Peiyu Liu , Han Zheng , Qinying Wang , Mathias Payer , Shouling Ji , Wenhai Wang

Autonomous agents powered by large vision and language models (VLM) have demonstrated significant potential in completing daily computer tasks, such as browsing the web to book travel and operating desktop software, which requires agents to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yanzhe Zhang , Tao Yu , Diyi Yang

Like most of NLP, models for human-centered NLP tasks -- tasks attempting to assess author-level information -- predominantly use representations derived from hidden states of Transformer-based LLMs. However, what component of the LM is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Nikita Soni , Pranav Chitale , Khushboo Singh , Niranjan Balasubramanian , H. Andrew Schwartz

Large language model (LLM)-powered agents are increasingly used in recommender systems (RSs) to achieve personalized behavior modeling, where the memory mechanism plays a pivotal role in enabling the agents to autonomously explore, learn…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Shiyi Yang , Zhibo Hu , Xinshu Li , Chen Wang , Tong Yu , Xiwei Xu , Liming Zhu , Lina Yao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for automated patching, but their effectiveness depends strongly on how they are integrated into patching systems. While prior work explores prompting strategies and individual agent designs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Qingxiao Xu , Ze Sheng , Zhicheng Chen , Jeff Huang

The rapid advancement of Large Language Model (LLM)-driven multi-agent systems has significantly streamlined software developing tasks, enabling users with little technical expertise to develop executable applications. While these systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiaoqing Wang , Keman Huang , Bin Liang , Hongyu Li , Xiaoyong Du

LLM-based code interpreter agents are increasingly deployed in critical workflows, yet their robustness against risks introduced by their code execution capabilities remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks are limited to static datasets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lei Ba , Qinbin Li , Songze Li

LLM-based agents execute real-world workflows via tools and memory. These affordances enable ill-intended adversaries to also use these agents to carry out complex misuse scenarios. Existing agent misuse benchmarks largely test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nivya Talokar , Ayush K Tarun , Murari Mandal , Maksym Andriushchenko , Antoine Bosselut

LLMs are increasingly embedded in everyday decision-making, yet their outputs can encode subtle, unintended behaviours that shape user beliefs and actions. We refer to these covert, goal-directed behaviours as hidden intentions, which may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Devansh Srivastav , David Pape , Lea Schönherr

The widespread deployment of LLM-based agents is likely to introduce a critical privacy threat: malicious agents that proactively engage others in multi-turn interactions to extract sensitive information. However, the evolving nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yanzhe Zhang , Diyi Yang
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