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Related papers: M2-Verify: A Large-Scale Multidomain Benchmark for…

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According to the Test-Time Scaling, the integration of External Slow-Thinking with the Verify mechanism has been demonstrated to enhance multi-round reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, in the multimodal (MM) domain, there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Linzhuang Sun , Hao Liang , Jingxuan Wei , Bihui Yu , Tianpeng Li , Fan Yang , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang

Misinformation on the web increasingly appears in multimodal forms, combining text, images, and OCR-rendered content in ways that amplify harm to public trust and vulnerable communities. While prior fact-checking systems often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Aditya Kishore , Gaurav Kumar , Jasabanta Patro

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to scientific reasoning, the complexity of answer formats and the diversity of equivalent expressions make answer verification a critical yet challenging task. Existing verification…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shenghe Zheng , Chenyu Huang , Fangchen Yu , Junchi Yao , Jingqi Ye , Tao Chen , Yun Luo , Ning Ding , LEI BAI , Ganqu Cui , Peng Ye

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance their reasoning capabilities through feedback. A critical challenge is verifying the consistency of model-generated responses and reference answers,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xuzhao Li , Xuchen Li , Shiyu Hu , Yongzhen Guo , Wentao Zhang

With the increasing use of RetrievalAugmented Generation (RAG), strong retrieval models have become more important than ever. In healthcare, multimodal retrieval models that combine information from both text and images offer major…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Arkadeep Acharya , Akash Ghosh , Pradeepika Verma , Kitsuchart Pasupa , Sriparna Saha , Priti Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) demonstrate impressive problem-solving skills in many tasks and domains. However, their ability to reason with complex images in academic domains has not been systematically…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chenghao Ma , Haihong E. , Junpeng Ding , Jun Zhang , Ziyan Ma , Huang Qing , Bofei Gao , Liang Chen , Yifan Zhu , Meina Song

We introduce MMMU: a new benchmark designed to evaluate multimodal models on massive multi-discipline tasks demanding college-level subject knowledge and deliberate reasoning. MMMU includes 11.5K meticulously collected multimodal questions…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising reasoning abilities, yet evaluating their performance in specialized domains remains challenging. STEM reasoning is a particularly valuable testbed because it provides highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jing Jin , Hao Liu , Yan Bai , Yihang Lou , Zhenke Wang , Tianrun Yuan , Juntong Chen , Yongkang Zhu , Fanhu Zeng , Xuanyu Zhu , Tao Feng , Yige Xu

While Large language models (LLMs) have proved able to address some complex reasoning tasks, we also know that they are highly sensitive to input variation, which can lead to different solution paths and final answers. Answer consistency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Huiyuan Lai , Xiao Zhang , Malvina Nissim

Structured claim decomposition is often proposed as a solution for verifying complex, multi-faceted claims, yet empirical results have been inconsistent. We argue that these inconsistencies stem from two overlooked bottlenecks: evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mahmud Elahi Akhter , Federico Ruggeri , Iman Munire Bilal , Rob Procter , Maria Liakata

Medical Anomaly Detection (MedAD) presents a significant opportunity to enhance diagnostic accuracy using Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) to interpret and answer questions based on medical images. However, the reliance on Supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Haitao Zhang , Yingying Wang , Jiaxiang Wang , Haote Xu , Hongyang Zhang , Yirong Chen , Yue Huang , Xinghao Ding

This study compares the performance of (1) fine-tuned language models and (2) large language models on the task of check-worthy claim detection. For the purpose of the comparison we composed a multilingual and multi-topical dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Martin Hyben , Sebastian Kula , Ivan Srba , Robert Moro , Jakub Simko

Vision--language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on many multimodal benchmarks but remain brittle on spatial reasoning tasks that require aligning abstract overhead representations with egocentric views. We introduce m2sv, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yosub Shin , Michael Buriek , Igor Molybog

Existing methods of cross-modal domain adaptation for 3D semantic segmentation predict results only via 2D-3D complementarity that is obtained by cross-modal feature matching. However, as lacking supervision in the target domain, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Boxiang Zhang , Zunran Wang , Yonggen Ling , Yuanyuan Guan , Shenghao Zhang , Wenhui Li

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their increasing use in medical question-answering necessitate rigorous evaluation of their reliability. A critical challenge lies in hallucination, where models generate plausible yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Shrey Pandit , Jiawei Xu , Junyuan Hong , Zhangyang Wang , Tianlong Chen , Kaidi Xu , Ying Ding

Automated fact-checking is a crucial task that supports a responsible information ecosystem. While recent research has progressed from text-only to multimodal fact-checking, a prevailing assumption is that incorporating visual evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jaeyoon Jung , Yejun Yoon , Kunwoo Park

Given the growing influx of misinformation across news and social media, there is a critical need for systems that can provide effective real-time verification of news claims. Large language or multimodal model based verification has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jaeyoung Lee , Ximing Lu , Jack Hessel , Faeze Brahman , Youngjae Yu , Yonatan Bisk , Yejin Choi , Saadia Gabriel

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

In clinical scenarios, multiple medical images with different views are usually generated simultaneously, and these images have high semantic consistency. However, most existing medical report generation methods only consider single-view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Ruizhi Wang , Xiangtao Wang , Jie Zhou , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Zhenghua Xu

There is a growing line of research on verifying the correctness of language models' outputs. At the same time, LMs are being used to tackle complex queries that require reasoning. We introduce CoverBench, a challenging benchmark focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Alon Jacovi , Moran Ambar , Eyal Ben-David , Uri Shaham , Amir Feder , Mor Geva , Dror Marcus , Avi Caciularu