English
Related papers

Related papers: Therefore I am. I Think

200 papers

To improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models, test-time compute is typically scaled by generating intermediate tokens before the final answer. However, this couples reasoning to autoregressive generation and thereby…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Lukas Aichberger , Sepp Hochreiter

Most efforts to improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) involve either scaling the number of parameters and the size of training data, or scaling inference computation by letting models generate complex chains of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yeskendir Koishekenov , Aldo Lipani , Nicola Cancedda

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning improves large language models (LLMs) on difficult tasks, but it also makes inference expensive because every intermediate step must be generated as a discrete token. Latent reasoning reduces visible token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xuan Li , Yining Wang , Yuchen Liu , Guanjun Liu , Delai Qiu , Shengping Liu , Jiaen Liang , Wei Huang , Jun Yu , Junnan Zhu

Large reasoning models achieve strong performance on complex tasks by generating extended chains of thought, but they often "overthink": continuing to reason long after they have enough information to answer correctly. This wastes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Ömer Faruk Akgül , Yusuf Hakan Kalaycı , Rajgopal Kannan , Willie Neiswanger , Viktor Prasanna

Human reasoning involves different strategies, each suited to specific problems. Prior work shows that large language model (LLMs) tend to favor a single reasoning strategy, potentially limiting their effectiveness in diverse reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Yanjian Zhang , Guillaume Wisniewski , Nadi Tomeh , Thierry Charnois

External tools help large language models succeed at tasks where they would otherwise typically fail. In existing frameworks, choosing tools at test time relies on naive greedy decoding, regardless of whether the model has been fine-tuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Lisa Alazraki , Marek Rei

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has significantly advanced task-solving capabilities in natural language processing with large language models. Unlike standard prompting, CoT encourages the model to generate intermediate reasoning steps,…

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit reasoning biases, often conflating content plausibility with formal logical validity. This can lead to wrong inferences in critical domains, where plausible arguments are incorrectly deemed logically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Marco Valentino , Geonhee Kim , Dhairya Dalal , Zhixue Zhao , André Freitas

Recent theoretical work has identified surprisingly simple reasoning problems, such as checking if two nodes in a graph are connected or simulating finite-state machines, that are provably unsolvable by standard transformers that answer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 William Merrill , Ashish Sabharwal

Although contemporary large language models (LMs) demonstrate impressive question-answering capabilities, their answers are typically the product of a single call to the model. This entails an unwelcome degree of opacity and compromises…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Antonia Creswell , Murray Shanahan

Chain-of-thought responses from language models improve performance across most benchmarks. However, it remains unclear to what extent these performance gains can be attributed to human-like task decomposition or simply the greater…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Jacob Pfau , William Merrill , Samuel R. Bowman

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning abilities, often attributed to few-shot or zero-shot chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting. While effective, these methods require labor-intensive prompt engineering, raising the question of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Hyunbin Jin , Je Won Yeom , Seunghyun Bae , Taesup Kim

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) is an essential ingredient in effective usage of modern large language models, but our understanding of the reasoning strategies underlying these capabilities remains limited. While some prior works have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Seongyun Lee , Seungone Kim , Minju Seo , Yongrae Jo , Dongyoung Go , Hyeonbin Hwang , Jinho Park , Xiang Yue , Sean Welleck , Graham Neubig , Moontae Lee , Minjoon Seo

Large language models (LLMs) now exhibit strong multi-step reasoning abilities, but existing inference-time scaling methods remain computationally expensive, often relying on extensive sampling or external evaluators. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nicolas Legrand , Kenneth Enevoldsen , Márton Kardos , Kristoffer Nielbo

Chain of thought finetuning (cot-finetuning) aims to endow small language models (SLM) with reasoning ability to improve their performance towards specific tasks by allowing them to imitate the reasoning procedure of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Xiaoshu Chen , Sihang Zhou , Ke Liang , Xinwang Liu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has significantly advanced state-of-the-art AI capabilities. However, recent studies have shown that CoT reasoning is not always faithful when models face an explicit bias in their prompts, i.e., the CoT can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Iván Arcuschin , Jett Janiak , Robert Krzyzanowski , Senthooran Rajamanoharan , Neel Nanda , Arthur Conmy

Large reasoning models (LRMs) often generate extensive chain-of-thought (CoT) traces before producing a final answer. As explicit textual artifacts, these traces can be passed to other models to solve the same task, enabling cross-model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xinyuan Cheng , Beiduo Chen , Philipp Mondorf , Barbara Plank

Recent studies on transformer-based language models show that they can answer questions by reasoning over knowledge provided as part of the context (i.e., in-context reasoning). However, since the available knowledge is often not filtered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zeming Chen , Gail Weiss , Eric Mitchell , Asli Celikyilmaz , Antoine Bosselut

Currently, many large language models (LLMs) are utilized for software engineering tasks such as code generation. The emergence of more advanced models known as large reasoning models (LRMs), such as OpenAI's o3, DeepSeek R1, and Qwen3.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Kevin Halim , Sin G. Teo , Ruitao Feng , Zhenpeng Chen , Yang Gu , Chong Wang , Yang Liu

We show that language models' activations linearly encode when information was learned during training. Our setup involves creating a model with a known training order by sequentially fine-tuning Llama-3.2-1B on six disjoint but otherwise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Dmitrii Krasheninnikov , Richard E. Turner , David Krueger