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Identifying what aspects of brain activity are responsible for conscious perception remains one of the most challenging problems in science. While progress has been made through psychophysical studies employing EEG and fMRI, research would…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-14 Daniel K. Freeman , Brian Odegaard , Seung-Schik Yoo , Matthias Michel

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging form of non-surgical human neuromodulation that confers advantages over existing electro and electromagnetic technologies by providing a superior spatial resolution on the millimeter…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-03-02 Leo Ai , Jerel K. Mueller , Andrea Grant , Yigitcan Eryaman , Wynn Legon

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging modality for non-invasive brain stimulation and therapeutic intervention, offering millimeter-scale spatial precision and the ability to target deep brain structures. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Vinkle Srivastav , Juliette Puel , Jonathan Vappou , Elijah Van Houten , Paolo Cabras , Nicolas Padoy

Low-intensity Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique enabling cortical and deep brain targeting with unprecedented spatial accuracy. Given the high rate of adoption by new users with varying…

For decades, focal non-invasive neuromodulation of deep brain regions has not been possible because of the steep depth-focality trade-off of conventional non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial magnetic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-17 Pierre Vassiliadis , Elena Beanato , Maximilian J. Wessel , Friedhelm C. Hummel

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological diseases. Current non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the millimeter level. Here, we report optically-generated…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-07 Yueming Li , Ying Jiang , Lu Lan , Xiaowei Ge , Ran Cheng , Yuewei Zhan , Guo Chen , Linli Shi , Runyu Wang , Nan Zheng , Chen Yang , Ji-Xin Cheng

Background: Trans-spinal FUS (tsFUS) has recently been shown promise in modulating spinal reflexes in rodents, opening new avenues for spinal cord interventions in motor control and pain management. However, anatomical differences between…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Koharu Isomura , Wenwei Yu , Jose Gomez-Tames

Objective. While ultrasound is largely established for use in diagnostic imaging and heating therapies, its application for neuromodulation is relatively new and not well understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2015-03-09 Jerel K. Mueller , Wynn Legon , William J. Tyler

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) offers noninvasive access to deep brain circuits but remains limited by skull-induced phase aberration, acoustic impedance mismatch, and poor volumetric control of intracranial pressure fields.…

Intracranial language brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a promising route for restoring communication in people with severe motor and speech impairments, but clinical translation remains limited by fragmented evidence and unresolved…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-17 Dongyi He , Wai Ting Siok , Nizhuan Wang

A major hurdle in brain-machine interfaces (BMI) is the lack of an implantable neural interface system that remains viable for a lifetime. This paper explores the fundamental system design trade-offs and ultimate size, power, and bandwidth…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2013-07-09 Dongjin Seo , Jose M. Carmena , Jan M. Rabaey , Elad Alon , Michel M. Maharbiz

In the last few years,Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have progressed as an emerging research area in the fields of human-computer interaction and interactive systems.This is primarily due to the introduction of low-cost…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Athanasios Vourvopoulos , Simon Legeay , Patricia Figueiredo

Non-invasive stimulation of small, variably shaped brain sub-regions is crucial for advancing our understanding of brain functions. Current ultrasound neuromodulation faces two significant trade-offs when targeting brain sub-regions:…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-09 Yueming Li , Guo Chen , Tiago R. Oliveira , Nick Todd , Yong-Zhi Zhang , Carolyn Marar , Nan Zheng , Lu Lan , Nathan McDannold , Ji-Xin Cheng , Chen Yang

Drug delivery to the brain is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We developed a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT)-based transcranial focused ultrasound system capable of both delivering therapy via BBB opening and…

Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly gaining traction for non-invasive human neuromodulation, with a pressing need to establish protocols that maximise neuromodulatory efficacy. In this review, we aggregate and examine…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-07-04 Tulika Nandi , Benjamin R. Kop , Kim Butts Pauly , Charlotte J. Stagg , Lennart Verhagen

Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is a non-invasive technique for therapy and study of brain neural activation. Here we report on the design and characterization of a new MR-guided FUS transducer for neuromodulation in non-human…

Medical Physics · Physics 2018-06-13 Vandiver Chaplin , Marshal A. Phipps , Charles F. Caskey

Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) has the potential to usher in a new era for human neuroscience by allowing spatially precise and high-resolution non-invasive targeting of both deep and superficial brain regions. Currently,…

In recent years, non-invasive neuro-modulation methods such as Focused Ultrasound (FUS) have gained popularity. The aim of this work is to introduce the use of existing open-source technology for surgical navigation to the field of…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-09-30 Frank Preiswerk , Spencer T. Brinker , Nathan J. McDannold , Timothy Y. Mariano

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), invasive or non-invasive, have projected unparalleled vision and promise for assisting patients in need to better their interaction with the surroundings. Inspired by the BCI-based rehabilitation…

As the proliferation of technology dramatically infiltrates all aspects of modern life, in many ways the world is becoming so dynamic and complex that technological capabilities are overwhelming human capabilities to optimally interact with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2012-11-06 Brent J. Lance , Scott E. Kerick , Anthony J. Ries , Kelvin S. Oie , Kaleb McDowell
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