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Related papers: The Observer Paradigm in Semiclassical Gravity: A …

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We motivate and construct a mathematical theory for the separation of space and time in general relativity. The formalism only requires a single observer and an optional choice of reference frame at each instant. As the splitting is done…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-02-15 Maik Reddiger

Post-relativistic gravity is a hidden variable theory for general relativity. It introduces the pre-relativistic notions absolute space, absolute time, and ether as hidden variables into general relativity. Evolution is defined by the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Ilja Schmelzer

One of the standard approaches of incorporating the quantum gravity (QG) effects into the semiclassical analysis is to adopt the notion of a quantum-corrected spacetime arising from the QG model. This procedure assumes that the expectation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-29 Harkirat Singh Sahota , Kinjalk Lochan

If quantum gravity respects the principles of quantum mechanics, suitably generalized, it may be that a more viable approach to the theory is through identifying the relevant quantum structures rather than by quantizing classical spacetime.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-27 Steven B. Giddings

We discuss the semiclassical limit of Quantum Reduced Loop Gravity, a recently proposed model to address the quantum dynamics of the early Universe. We apply the techniques developed in full Loop Quantum Gravity to define the semiclassical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-18 Emanuele Alesci , Francesco Cianfrani

In this paper we extend recent ideas about observers and closed universes to theories where observers can be fluctuated into existence in the Hartle-Hawking state. This introduces a phenomenon that was not considered in these earlier…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-12 Daniel Harlow

This paper elaborates on an intrinsically quantum approach to gravity, which begins with a general framework for quantum mechanics and then seeks to identify additional mathematical structure on Hilbert space that is responsible for gravity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-27 Steven B. Giddings

Recent developments have shown that some semiclassical spacetimes cannot emerge from a traditional application of the rules of holography, prompting proposals for restoring their emergence with "observer rules". In this paper, we propose a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-11 Netta Engelhardt , Elliott Gesteau

In both quantum mechanics and relativity theory, the concept of the observer plays a critical role. However, there is no consensus on the definition of observer in these theories. Following Einstein's thought experiments, one could ask:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-05 Marcin Nowakowski

The role of the observers is frequently obscured in the literature, either by writing equations in a coordinate system implicitly pertaining to some specific observer or by entangling the invariance and the observer dependence of physical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-14 Bruno Klajn , Ivica Smolić

In the context of semiclassical gravity, the semiclassical Einstein equation is often invoked when backreaction of quantum matter/fields on the spacetime is at stake. It is expected to hold when quantum fluctuations are small. Yet, it is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-26 Gustavo Schranck Habermann , Daniel A. Turolla Vanzella

From general relativity we have learned the principles of general covariance and local Lorentz invariance, which follow from the fact that we consider observables as tensors on a spacetime manifold whose geometry is modeled by a Lorentzian…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-09-12 Manuel Hohmann

The principle of equivalence provides a description of gravity in terms of the metric tensor and determines how gravity affects the light cone structure of the space-time. This, in turn, leads to the existence of observers (in any…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 T. Padmanabhan , Apoorva Patel

An attempt is made to go beyond the standard semi-classical approximation for gravity in the Born-Oppenheimer decomposition of the wave-function in minisuperspace. New terms are included which correspond to quantum gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Roberto Casadio

General relativity as a classical field theory does not predict gravitationally induced entanglement, as such, recent proposals seek an empirical demonstration of this feature which would represent a significant milestone for physics. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-09 Hadrien Chevalier , A. J. Paige , M. S. Kim

A possible way out of the conundrum of quantum gravity is the proposal that general relativity (GR) is not a fundamental theory but emerges from an underlying microscopic description. Despite recent interest in the emergent gravity program…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-04-24 Niels S. Linnemann , Manus R. Visser

Post-inflationary boundary conditions are essential to the existence of our highly structured universe, and these can only come about through quantum mechanical state reductions - i.e., through measurements. The choice is between: An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard A Mould

Semiclassical gravity (SG) aims to describe the semiclassical regime of quantum gravity. In SG quantum fields curve classical spacetime in an effective way through the expectation value of their stress-energy tensor, while propagating in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-03 Benito A. Juárez-Aubry

Motivated by the gravity/fluid correspondence, we introduce a new method for characterizing nonlinear gravitational interactions. Namely we map the nonlinear perturbative form of the Einstein equation to the equations of motion of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-04-16 Huan Yang , Fan Zhang , Stephen R. Green , Luis Lehner

We discuss some general properties of quantum gravity in De Sitter space. It has been argued that the Hilbert space is of finite dimension. This suggests a macroscopic argument that General Relativity cannot be quantized -- unless it is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Edward Witten