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This paper proposes an adaptation mechanism for heterogeneous multi-agent systems to align the agents' internal parameters, based on enforced consensus through strong couplings. Unlike homogeneous systems, where exact consensus is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-08 Hyungbo Shim , Jin Gyu Lee , B. D. O. Anderson

Automating scientific computing workflows requires more than generating executable code: autonomous systems must also select appropriate computational strategies, implement them faithfully, and ensure that the resulting outcomes remain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Geremy Loachamín-Suntaxi , Robert Lazar , Dimitrios G. Giovanis , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis , Eleni D. Koronaki

Large language model (LLM) agents have shown increasing promise for collaborative task completion. However, existing multi-agent frameworks often rely on static workflows, fixed roles, and limited inter-agent communication, reducing their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Chengxuan Xia , Qianye Wu , Sixuan Tian , Yilun Hao

Multi-agent AI systems can be used for simulating collective decision-making in scientific and practical applications. They can also be used to introduce a diverse group discussion step in chatbot pipelines, enhancing the cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Razan Baltaji , Babak Hemmatian , Lav R. Varshney

Much of the success of multi-agent debates depends on carefully choosing the right parameters. The decision-making protocol stands out as it can highly impact final model answers, depending on how decisions are reached. Systematic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Lars Benedikt Kaesberg , Jonas Becker , Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by large language models (LLMs) hold significant promise for solving complex decision-making tasks. However, the core process of collaborative decision-making (CDM) within these systems remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xuyang Zhao , Shiwan Zhao , Hualong Yu , Liting Zhang , Qicheng Li

A group behavior of a heterogeneous multi-agent system is studied which obeys an "average of individual vector fields" under strong couplings among the agents. Under stability of the averaged dynamics (not asking stability of individual…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Jin Gyu Lee , Hyungbo Shim

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as a promising approach to tackle complex tasks that are difficult for individual LLMs. A natural strategy is to scale performance by increasing the number of agents; however, we find that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yingxuan Yang , Chengrui Qu , Muning Wen , Laixi Shi , Ying Wen , Weinan Zhang , Adam Wierman , Shangding Gu

This paper proposes a highly robust autonomous agent framework based on the ReAct paradigm, designed to solve complex tasks through adaptive decision making and multi-agent collaboration. Unlike traditional frameworks that rely on fixed…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Zihao Wu

Multi-agent debate (MAD) is an emerging approach to improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Existing MAD methods rely on multiple rounds of interaction among agents to reach consensus, and the final output is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yu Cui , Hang Fu , Haibin Zhang , Licheng Wang , Cong Zuo

In an emergency situation, the actors need an assistance allowing them to react swiftly and efficiently. In this prospect, we present in this paper a decision support system that aims to prepare actors in a crisis situation thanks to a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Fahem Kebair , Frédéric Serin

Before taking actions in an environment with more than one intelligent agent, an autonomous agent may benefit from reasoning about the other agents and utilizing a notion of a guarantee or confidence about the behavior of the system. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Nikunj Gupta , Somjit Nath , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in medical domains, but their ability to handle specialized neurological reasoning requires systematic evaluation. We developed a comprehensive benchmark using 305 questions from Israeli Board…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Moran Sorka , Alon Gorenshtein , Dvir Aran , Shahar Shelly

The consensus strategies used in collaborative multi-agent systems (MAS) face notable challenges related to adaptability, scalability, and convergence certainties. These approaches, including structured workflows, debate models, and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Rathin Chandra Shit , Sharmila Subudhi

Answering complex medical questions requires not only domain expertise and patient-specific information, but also structured and multi-perspective reasoning. Existing multi-agent approaches often rely on fixed roles or shallow interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Siqi Ma , Jiajie Huang , Fan Zhang , Yue Shen , Jinlin Wu , Guohui Fan , Zhu Zhang , Zelin Zang

Specialized visual tools can augment large language models or vision language models with expert knowledge (e.g., grounding, spatial reasoning, medical knowledge, etc.), but knowing which tools to call (and when to call them) can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Nithin Sivakumaran , Justin Chih-Yao Chen , David Wan , Yue Zhang , Jaehong Yoon , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled the development of specialized AI agents with domain-specific reasoning and interaction capabilities, particularly in healthcare. While recent frameworks simulate medical decision-making,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Tianqi Shang , Weiqing He , Charles Zheng , Lingyao Li , Li Shen , Bingxin Zhao

Modern clinical practice relies on evidence-based guidelines implemented as compact scoring systems composed of a small number of interpretable decision rules. While machine-learning models achieve strong performance, many fail to translate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Silas Ruhrberg Estévez , Christopher Chiu , Mihaela van der Schaar

There are two main barriers to using large language models (LLMs) in clinical reasoning. Firstly, while LLMs exhibit significant promise in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, their performance in complex reasoning and planning falls…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Shengxin Hong , Liang Xiao , Xin Zhang , Jianxia Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising potential in the medical domain, assisting with tasks like clinical note generation and patient communication. However, current LLMs are limited to text-based communication, hindering their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yusheng Liao , Shuyang Jiang , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang