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Related papers: TrafficMoE: Heterogeneity-aware Mixture of Experts…

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While pre-trained large models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in network traffic analysis, their prohibitive computational costs hinder deployment in real-time, throughput-sensitive network defense environments. This work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Jiajun Zhou , Changhui Sun , Meng Shen , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

Network traffic classification using self-supervised pre-training models based on Masked Autoencoders (MAE) has demonstrated a huge potential. However, existing methods are confined to isolated byte-level reconstruction of individual flows,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Xiao Liu , Xiaowei Fu , Fuxiang Huang , Lei Zhang

Encryption has been commonly used in network traffic to secure transmission, but it also brings challenges for malicious traffic detection, due to the invisibility of the packet payload. Graph-based methods are emerging as promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yunpeng Tan , Qingyang Li , Mingxin Yang , Yannan Hu , Lei Zhang , Xinggong Zhang

With 95% of Internet traffic now encrypted, an effective approach to classifying this traffic is crucial for network security and management. This paper introduces ECHO -- a novel optimization process for ML/DL-based encrypted traffic…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Shilo Daum , Tal Shapira , Anat Bremler-Barr , David Hay

With the growing significance of network security, the classification of encrypted traffic has emerged as an urgent challenge. Traditional byte-based traffic analysis methods are constrained by the rigid granularity of information and fail…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Haozhen Zhang , Haodong Yue , Xi Xiao , Le Yu , Qing Li , Zhen Ling , Ye Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures offer a scalable path for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in node classification tasks but typically rely on static and rigid routing strategies that enforce a uniform expert budget or coarse-grained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jiajun Zhou , Yadong Li , Xuanze Chen , Chen Ma , Chuang Zhao , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

Encrypted traffic classification is the task of identifying the application or service associated with encrypted network traffic. One effective approach for this task is to use deep learning methods to encode the raw traffic bytes directly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Wei Peng , Lei Cui , Wei Cai , Zhenquan Ding , Zhiyu Hao , Xiaochun Yun

Network traffic anomaly detection represents a critical cybersecurity task, yet widespread encryption makes this task increasingly challenging. In response, image-based methods that model traffic as visual patterns have emerged as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xinglin Lian , Chengtai Cao , Ting Zhong , Yong Wang , Kai Chen , Fan Zhou

Encrypted traffic classification is receiving widespread attention from researchers and industrial companies. However, the existing methods only extract flow-level features, failing to handle short flows because of unreliable statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Haozhen Zhang , Le Yu , Xi Xiao , Qing Li , Francesco Mercaldo , Xiapu Luo , Qixu Liu

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable success in various image generation tasks, but their performance is often limited by the uniform processing of inputs across varying conditions and noise levels. To address this limitation, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Minglei Shi , Ziyang Yuan , Haotian Yang , Xintao Wang , Mingwu Zheng , Xin Tao , Wenliang Zhao , Wenzhao Zheng , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu , Pengfei Wan , Di Zhang , Kun Gai

Traffic classification has a significant impact on maintaining the Quality of Service (QoS) of the network. Since traditional methods heavily rely on feature extraction and large scale labeled data, some recent pre-trained models manage to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Chungang Lin , Yilong Jiang , Weiyao Zhang , Xuying Meng , Tianyu Zuo , Yujun Zhang

Network traffic analysis is fundamental for network management, troubleshooting, and security. Tasks such as traffic classification, anomaly detection, and novelty discovery are fundamental for extracting operational information from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Luca Gioacchini , Idilio Drago , Marco Mellia , Zied Ben Houidi , Dario Rossi

As the size and source of network traffic increase, so does the challenge of monitoring and analysing network traffic. Therefore, sampling algorithms are often used to alleviate these scalability issues. However, the use of high entropy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Fran Casino , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo , Constantinos Patsakis

The real-world traffic networks undergo expansion through the installation of new sensors, implying that the traffic patterns continually evolve over time. Incrementally training a model on the newly added sensors would make the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Sanghyun Lee , Chanyoung Park

Network-wide Traffic State Estimation (TSE), which aims to infer a complete image of network traffic states with sparsely deployed sensors, plays a vital role in intelligent transportation systems. With the development of data-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qishen Zhou , Yifan Zhang , Michail A. Makridis , Anastasios Kouvelas , Yibing Wang , Simon Hu

With the rapid growth of encrypted network traffic, effective traffic classification has become essential for network security and quality of service management. Current machine learning and deep learning approaches for traffic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Tongze Wang , Xiaohui Xie , Wenduo Wang , Chuyi Wang , Jinzhou Liu , Boyan Huang , Yannan Hu , Youjian Zhao , Yong Cui

Traffic classification on programmable data plane holds great promise for line-rate processing, with methods evolving from per-packet to flow-level analysis for higher accuracy. However, a trade-off between accuracy and efficiency persists.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Minyuan Xiao , Yunchun Li , Yuchen Zhao , Tong Guan , Mingyuan Xia , Wei Li

Traffic classification, a technique for assigning network flows to predefined categories, has been widely deployed in enterprise and carrier networks. With the massive adoption of mobile devices, encryption is increasingly used in mobile…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Kun Qiu , Ying Wang , Baoqian Li , Wenjun Zhu

The rapid progress of generative models has made synthetic image detection an increasingly critical task. Most existing approaches attempt to construct a single, universal discriminative space to separate real from fake content. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Laixin Zhang , Shuaibo Li , Wei Ma , Hongbin Zha

End-to-end learning has emerged as a transformative paradigm in autonomous driving. However, the inherently multimodal nature of driving behaviors and the generalization challenges in long-tail scenarios remain critical obstacles to robust…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Rui Zhao , Yuze Fan , Ziguo Chen , Fei Gao , Zhenhai Gao
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